Pharmacology Antibiotics Quiz

Antibiotics

• Benzyl penicillin is also known as Penicillin G.
• Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin.
• Vancomycin can cause Red Man Syndrome.
• Clarithromycin is a methylated erythromycin.

Adverse Reactions

• Chloramphenicol can cause thrombocytopenia, which is fatal.
• Tetracyclines are contraindicated in children and neonates because they can cause discoloration of teeth and phototoxicity.

Mechanism of Action

• Beta-lactams primarily target the cell wall.
• Clavulanic acid targets β-lactamase.

Therapeutic Applications

• Colistin is usually the "last resort" antibiotic treatment in neonates with severe infections.
• Co-trimoxazole is a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.

Quinolones

• Nalidixic acid was the first therapeutically useful quinolone antibacterial agent.
• Quinolone antibacterial agents target topoisomerases.

Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs

• The combination therapy in the treatment of tuberculosis contains Ethambutol, Rifampin, and Isoniazid, but not Streptomycin.
• Pyridoxine can prevent peripheral neuropathy in patients taking INH.

Sulfonamides

• Silver sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide used in burns.
• Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.

Miscellaneous

• Rifampin can cause urine and tears to turn reddish in color.
• Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole drug with antibiotic and antiparasitic properties.
• Levo is the more potent optical isomer of ofloxacin.