Pharmacology-Antibiotics Classifications

Antibiotics which block specific metabolic steps that are essential to the microorganism (Trimethoprim, Sulfonamides). Agents that affect the nucleic acid metabolism (rifampin and quinolones).

Agents that inhibit synthesis of microbial cell walls. Includes Penicillins and Cephalosporins which are structurally similar (Beta-lactams).

Bacteriocidal agents that bind to the 30 S ribosomal subunit and alter protein synthesis, which eventually leads to cell death. Includes aminoglycosides.

<p>Bacteriostatic agents that affect the 30S or 50S ribosomal subunit function to cause a reversible inhibition of protein synthesis. Includes Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, and Clindamycin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trimethoprim, Sulfonamides, Rifampin, and Quinolones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillins and Cephalosporins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aminoglycosides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloramphenicol, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, and Clindamycin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Dapsone, Clofazimine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics for mycobacterial disease such as tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, and leprosy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteriostatic in function and in structure they are similar to PABA (p-aminobenzoic acid).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Susceptible bacteria need PABA for an essential step in the formation of purines and nucleic acid. Since sulfonamides are structural analogs of PABA, they competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trimethoprim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wide range of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria - Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, N. actinomyces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfonamides are very effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfamethoxazole in combination with trimethoprim is used for urinary tract infections, GI infections, prophylaxis in neutropenic patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disturbances in the urinary tract, acute hemolytic anemia, granulocytosis, aplastic anemia, sulfa allergies, hyporexia, nausea, and vomiting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral anticoagulants, sulfonylurea, hypoglycemic drugs, and hydantoin anticonvulsants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are DNA gyrase inhibitors. Synthetic fluorinated analogs of nalidixic acid have broad antimicrobial activity with very few side effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quinolones block bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting topoisomerase II (gyrase - primary target) and inhibiting topoisomerase IV (secondary target).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents the relaxation of positively supercoiled DNA that is required for normal transcription and replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It interferes with separation of replicated chromosomal DNA into respective daughter cells during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciprofloxacin, Enoxacin, Lomefloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, and Pefloxacin. All possess good broad spectrum activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers