Antibiotics Classification Quiz

Classification of Antibiotics

• Bacteriostatic vs. Bactericidal:
  • Bacteriostatic: inhibit bacterial growth, but do not kill bacteria (e.g., tetracyclines, sulfonamides)
  • Bactericidal: kill bacteria directly (e.g., beta-lactams, aminoglycosides)

Antibiotic Classes

• Beta-Lactam Antibiotics:
  • Penicillins (e.g., penicillin G, ampicillin)
  • Cephalosporins (e.g., cephalexin, ceftriaxone)
  • Carbapenems (e.g., imipenem, meropenem)
  • Monobactams (e.g., aztreonam)
• Aminoglycosides:
  • Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
• Tetracyclines:
  • Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
• Macrolides:
  • Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
• Fluoroquinolones:
  • Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
• Sulfonamides:
  • Sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine
• Polymyxins:
  • Polymyxin B, colistin
• Glycopeptides:
  • Vancomycin, teicoplanin
• Lipopeptides:
  • Daptomycin
• Oxazolidinones:
  • Linezolid
• Rifamycins:
  • Rifampicin, rifabutin

Mechanisms of Action

• Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis:
  • Beta-lactam antibiotics, glycopeptides
• Inhibition of Protein Synthesis:
  • Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides
• Inhibition of DNA Synthesis:
  • Fluoroquinolones
• Inhibition of Folate Synthesis:
  • Sulfonamides
• Disruption of Cell Membrane:
  • Polymyxins, daptomycin

Classification of Antibiotics

• Antibiotics can be classified as bacteriostatic, which inhibit bacterial growth but do not kill bacteria, or bactericidal, which kill bacteria directly.

Antibiotic Classes

• Beta-Lactam Antibiotics are bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis, including:
  • Penicillins (e.g., penicillin G, ampicillin)
  • Cephalosporins (e.g., cephalexin, ceftriaxone)
  • Carbapenems (e.g., imipenem, meropenem)
  • Monobactams (e.g., aztreonam)
• Aminoglycosides are bactericidal and inhibit protein synthesis, including:
  • Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
• Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic and inhibit protein synthesis, including:
  • Tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline
• Macrolides are bacteriostatic and inhibit protein synthesis, including:
  • Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
• Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal and inhibit DNA synthesis, including:
  • Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
• Sulfonamides are bacteriostatic and inhibit folate synthesis, including:
  • Sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine
• Polymyxins are bactericidal and disrupt cell membranes, including:
  • Polymyxin B, colistin
• Glycopeptides are bactericidal and inhibit cell wall synthesis, including:
  • Vancomycin, teicoplanin
• Lipopeptides are bactericidal and disrupt cell membranes, including:
  • Daptomycin
• Oxazolidinones are bacteriostatic and inhibit protein synthesis, including:
  • Linezolid
• Rifamycins are bactericidal and inhibit DNA synthesis, including:
  • Rifampicin, rifabutin

Mechanisms of Action

• Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis involves:
  • Beta-lactam antibiotics
  • Glycopeptides
• Inhibition of Protein Synthesis involves:
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Tetracyclines
  • Macrolides
  • Oxazolidinones
• Inhibition of DNA Synthesis involves:
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Rifamycins
• Inhibition of Folate Synthesis involves:
  • Sulfonamides
• Disruption of Cell Membrane involves:
  • Polymyxins
  • Lipopeptides