Pharmacology Anti-Cancer: Antitumor Antibiotics and Microtubule Inhibitors
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Pharmacology Anti-Cancer: Antitumor Antibiotics and Microtubule Inhibitors

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Questions and Answers

What is the main adverse effect associated with bleomycin?

  • Renal toxicity
  • Pulmonary toxicity (correct)
  • Cardiotoxicity
  • Hepatotoxicity

    • Which phase of the cell cycle do cells accumulate in due to bleomycin treatment?

  • G2 phase (correct)
  • G1 phase
  • M phase
  • S phase

    • How does bleomycin cause DNA damage?

  • Causes frame-shift mutations
  • Alkylation of guanine bases
  • Attacks phosphodiester bonds of DNA (correct)
  • Formation of thymine dimers

    • In which cancers is bleomycin primarily used for treatment?

    <p>Testicular cancers and Hodgkin lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for inactivating bleomycin and is high in tissues like liver and spleen?

    <p>Hydrolase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dexrazoxane protect against the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin?

    <p>Chelates iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of antitumor antibiotics like anthracyclines?

    <p>Production of free radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antitumor antibiotics is an exception to being cell cycle nonspecific?

    <p>Bleomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of doxorubicin primarily in combination with other agents?

    <p>Sarcomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antitumor antibiotic is the hydroxylated analog of daunorubicin?

    <p>Doxorubicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from intercalation, what other mechanism contributes to the cytotoxic effect of antitumor antibiotics?

    <p>Production of free radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is classified as an anthracycline antibiotic and is the 4-demethoxy analog of daunorubicin?

    <p>Idarubicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temozolomide differ from dacarbazine in terms of metabolic transformation?

    <p>Temozolomide undergoes chemical transformation at normal physiological pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cancers is dacarbazine mainly used?

    <p>Melanoma and Hodgkin lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the active metabolite responsible for the methylation of DNA with temozolomide?

    <p>MTIC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme does temozolomide inhibit that is involved in DNA repair?

    <p>O-6guanine-DNA alkyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is temozolomide administered for treatment?

    <p>Intravenously or orally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkylating agent was originally developed as a vesicant during World War I?

    <p>Mechlorethamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is vinblastine commonly used to treat?

    <p>Metastatic testicular carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of vinca alkaloids like vinblastine and vincristine?

    <p>Blocking mitosis by preventing tubulin polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of lung cancer is vinorelbine beneficial as a treatment option?

    <p>Advanced non–small cell lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neoplasms is vincristine commonly used to treat?

    <p>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes vinorelbine (VRB) from vincristine and vinblastine?

    <p>Less neurotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do vinca alkaloids like vincristine and vinblastine affect microtubule formation?

    <p>Block tubulin polymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with busulfan?

    <p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the dose of melphalan carefully adjusted in patients?

    <p>By monitoring platelet and white blood cell counts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukemia is chlorambucil commonly used to treat?

    <p>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target disrupted by microtubule inhibitors in anticancer drugs?

    <p>Mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mitotic spindle in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Equal partitioning of DNA into daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature makes bifunctional alkylating agents unique among anticancer drugs?

    <p>Variation in intestinal absorption and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

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