Pharmacology and Heart Failure Management

Right heart failure results in dependent edema, vein distention, and fluid retention.

Common type of heart failure, often caused by left ventricular dysfunction (e.g., MI, hypertension, CAD, cardiomyopathy). It leads to a backup of blood into the left atrium and pulmonary veins.

The pressure in the heart before contraction, related to blood volume.

Resistance to blood ejection from the ventricle.

Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, reducing LDL production in the liver.

Statins are used to manage high cholesterol.

Statins can cause hepatotoxicity (liver damage) and rhabdomyolysis (muscle breakdown).

Binds to bile acids, reducing their reabsorption and thus lowering cholesterol.

Inhibits cholesterol absorption in the small intestine.

Used to lower cholesterol levels.

A PCSK9 inhibitor that binds to LDL receptors on the liver.

Administered subcutaneously (subQ).

Captopril, Lisinopril, and Enalapril are examples of ACE-1 inhibitors.

Reduce blood pressure, afterload, preload, and improve cardiac output.

Furosemide, thiazides, and spironolactone treat HF by removing excess fluid, preventing exacerbation.

Increases heart contractions and force, decreasing heart rate.