24 Questions
What does the volume of distribution (Vd) represent in pharmacokinetics?
The amount of drug in the body divided by the concentration in the blood
How can the half-life of a drug (t1/2) be defined?
The time taken for concentration of drug in blood to fall to half its original value
What does drug clearance (CL) represent in pharmacokinetics?
The volume of blood totally cleared of drug per unit time
Which term is used to represent the fraction/percentage of the drug eliminated per unit time?
Elimination Constant (kel)
In pharmacokinetics, what is the relationship between drug amount, concentration, and clearance?
Clearance is proportional to the drug amount and concentration
What does the volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug represent?
The volume that would be required to contain the total amount of drug in the body at the same concentration as in the blood
What is the half-life of a drug (t1/2)?
The time for the drug concentration in the blood to fall to half of its original value
Which parameter is used to calculate the amount of drug required to achieve desired steady-state concentration levels?
Loading Dose
What is drug clearance (Cl)?
The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body
What does the elimination constant (kel) determine for a drug?
The amount of drug eliminated per unit time in proportion to the concentration in the blood
What type of model considers the whole body as a single well-stirred compartment?
One-Compartment Model
In which model would you find a fast phase and a slow phase of drug redistribution between central and peripheral compartments?
Two-Compartment Model
Which parameter is used to describe the apparent volume in which a drug appears to be distributed in the body?
Volume of Distribution (Vd)
What kind of relationship between drug concentration and time is seen in the one-compartment model?
Linear relationship
Which model often involves drugs that equilibrate at different rates with various tissues in the body?
Two-Compartment Model
What is the effect of increasing the dose of a drug that follows zero-order kinetics?
A disproportionate increase in plasma concentration
What is the unit of the elimination rate constant (kel)?
hr^-1
What is the half-life of a drug (t1/2) a measure of?
The time it takes for the drug to reach 50% of its initial concentration
Which of the following drugs follows zero-order kinetics at high doses?
Ethanol at 20 g/hr
What does the volume of distribution (Vd) signify?
The volume of plasma containing the drug at the same concentration as in the body
Which type of drug would have a volume of distribution (Vd) less than 5L?
Drugs confined to the plasma compartment
In multiple oral dosing, what signifies the steady-state plasma concentration (Css)?
When the rate of input is equal to the rate of output
What is the primary purpose of a loading dose in drug treatment?
To reach steady-state plasma concentration quickly
How does an increase in the elimination constant (kel) affect the drug concentration in the body over time?
Increases the drug clearance from the body
Test your knowledge of pharmacokinetics terms such as kel, clearance, and rate elimination in this quiz. Learn about the theoretical volume of blood/plasma totally cleared of drug per unit time and the relationship between concentration and drug removal.
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