WK 8: Pharmacokinetic Calculations
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Questions and Answers

What does the volume of distribution (Vd) represent in pharmacokinetics?

  • The theoretical volume of blood/plasma totally cleared of drug per unit time
  • The volume of blood totally cleared of drug per unit time
  • The time taken for drug concentration in blood to fall to half its original value
  • The amount of drug in the body divided by the concentration in the blood (correct)

    • How can the half-life of a drug (t1/2) be defined?

  • The drug concentration in plasma when the drug is initially administered
  • The time taken for concentration of drug in blood to fall to half its original value (correct)
  • The amount of drug removed per unit time
  • The theoretical volume of blood/plasma cleared of drug per unit time

    • What does drug clearance (CL) represent in pharmacokinetics?

  • The amount of drug in the body divided by the concentration in the blood
  • The volume of blood totally cleared of drug per unit time (correct)
  • The percentage of drug in the body eliminated per unit time
  • The time taken for drug concentration in blood to fall to half its original value

    • Which term is used to represent the fraction/percentage of the drug eliminated per unit time?

    <p>Elimination Constant (kel)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacokinetics, what is the relationship between drug amount, concentration, and clearance?

    <p>Clearance is proportional to the drug amount and concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug represent?

    <p>The volume that would be required to contain the total amount of drug in the body at the same concentration as in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of a drug (t1/2)?

    <p>The time for the drug concentration in the blood to fall to half of its original value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is used to calculate the amount of drug required to achieve desired steady-state concentration levels?

    <p>Loading Dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is drug clearance (Cl)?

    <p>The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the elimination constant (kel) determine for a drug?

    <p>The amount of drug eliminated per unit time in proportion to the concentration in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of model considers the whole body as a single well-stirred compartment?

    <p>One-Compartment Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which model would you find a fast phase and a slow phase of drug redistribution between central and peripheral compartments?

    <p>Two-Compartment Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is used to describe the apparent volume in which a drug appears to be distributed in the body?

    <p>Volume of Distribution (Vd)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of relationship between drug concentration and time is seen in the one-compartment model?

    <p>Linear relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model often involves drugs that equilibrate at different rates with various tissues in the body?

    <p>Two-Compartment Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increasing the dose of a drug that follows zero-order kinetics?

    <p>A disproportionate increase in plasma concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of the elimination rate constant (kel)?

    <p>hr^-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of a drug (t1/2) a measure of?

    <p>The time it takes for the drug to reach 50% of its initial concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs follows zero-order kinetics at high doses?

    <p>Ethanol at 20 g/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the volume of distribution (Vd) signify?

    <p>The volume of plasma containing the drug at the same concentration as in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug would have a volume of distribution (Vd) less than 5L?

    <p>Drugs confined to the plasma compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In multiple oral dosing, what signifies the steady-state plasma concentration (Css)?

    <p>When the rate of input is equal to the rate of output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a loading dose in drug treatment?

    <p>To reach steady-state plasma concentration quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an increase in the elimination constant (kel) affect the drug concentration in the body over time?

    <p>Increases the drug clearance from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

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