Pharmacology Quiz: Drug Dynamics and Kinetics
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Pharmacology Quiz: Drug Dynamics and Kinetics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of pharmacodynamics in pharmacology?

  • Analyzing the excretion pathways of drugs
  • Examining drug distribution in the body
  • Studying the absorption of drugs
  • Understanding the interactions between living systems and foreign chemicals (correct)

    • Which of the following factors is NOT considered in pharmacokinetics?

  • Onset of drug action
  • Site of excretion
  • Drug half-life
  • Chemical structure of the drug (correct)

    • What can lead to the loss of effectiveness of certain drugs when they are put into solution?

  • Shelf stability
  • Photosensitivity
  • Chemical instability (correct)
  • Temperature control

    • Where does biotransformation of drugs primarily occur in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is a result of drug interaction in pharmacodynamics?

    <p>Increasing or stimulating cellular activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial drug options are suitable for treating cardiovascular issues based on the recommendation?

    <p>Beta-blocker or Calcium Channel Blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following constitutes a non-pharmacologic approach to managing cardiovascular health?

    <p>Proper diet and exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug should be prioritized for recurrent stroke prevention?

    <p>Diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When managing chronic kidney disease, what is the suggested course of action?

    <p>Increase dose or add a different class of drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which condition are beta-blockers primarily recommended as a treatment option?

    <p>Heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common drug class recommended for compelling indications based on clinical trials?

    <p>ACE inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended as an additional medication in Step 4 to enhance treatment?

    <p>Add drug from a different class or substitute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a class of antihypertensive drugs?

    <p>Antiplatelet agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the quantity in milligrams (mg) for 1.25 grams (g)?

    <p>1,250 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you have 520 cc, how many liters (L) do you have?

    <p>0.52 L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many minims are in 2 gtts (drops)?

    <p>2 minims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct conversion for ½ cup in cubic centimeters (cc)?

    <p>150 cc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you need to convert 2 T (tablespoons) to drams, how many drams do you have?

    <p>8 drams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dosage of Digoxin would be given if the order is for 0.5 mg and the stock is 0.25 mg/ml?

    <p>2 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a long-acting insulin?

    <p>Lantus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to estimate the dosage of a medication?

    <p>D/S x Quantity = Amount to give</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ACE inhibitor should be taken on an empty stomach?

    <p>Captopril</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect should prompt a patient to notify their provider while on ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should a patient's WBC count be monitored when they are on ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Every two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if potassium supplements are taken with certain ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients avoid NSAIDs while taking ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Antagonistic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by a high WBC count in a patient taking ACE inhibitors?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is not classified as an ACE inhibitor?

    <p>Diltiazem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of clinical pharmacology?

    <p>The study of drugs in humans, including patients and healthy volunteers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is synonymous with pharmacotherapeutics?

    <p>Therapeutics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is considered the most important for a drug?

    <p>Effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a safe drug defined?

    <p>A drug that cannot produce harmful effects even when administered in high doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes selectivity in drugs?

    <p>A drug that elicits only the response for which it is given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pharmacology encompass?

    <p>The study of drug interactions and their effects on living systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Greek word does 'pharmacology' derive from, and what does it mean?

    <p>Pharmakon, meaning remedy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by pharmacotherapy?

    <p>The application of drugs to treat or prevent disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a drug in pharmacology?

    <p>Any chemical that can affect living processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pharmacokinetics in pharmacology?

    <p>The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Clinical Pharmacology

    • Pharmacology studies drugs' effects on living organisms, encompassing various drug interactions and their biological impacts.
    • Therapeutics, also called pharmacotherapeutics, involves using drugs for diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases, including pregnancy prevention.

    Drugs Definition and Properties

    • Drugs are chemicals introduced into the body to induce change, beneficial or harmful.
    • Ideal drugs possess several properties:
      • Effectiveness: Must elicit desired responses; effectiveness is paramount.
      • Safety: Defined as drugs that do not cause harm even at high doses or with prolonged use.
      • Selectivity: An ideal drug should only produce the intended therapeutic effects without unwanted interactions.

    Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

    • Pharmacodynamics: Explores how drugs interact at the cellular level, including potential drug actions like stimulating or suppressing cellular activities.
    • Pharmacokinetics: Involves studying drug absorption, distribution, metabolism (in the liver), and excretion (via kidneys). Parameters include onset of action, half-life, peak effects, and duration of action.

    Common Drug Classes and Recommendations

    • Cardiovascular Drugs:
      • Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet agents: prevent blood clots.
      • ACE Inhibitors: used for hypertension and heart failure.
      • Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs): alternative to ACE inhibitors.
      • Beta Blockers: manage heart failure and after myocardial infarction.
      • Diuretics: used in heart failure and hypertension treatment.

    Clinical Application Steps for Drug Treatment

    • Initial selection of a drug class based on clinical indications, followed by dose adjustments, additions, or substitutions as needed.

    Insulin Types and Management

    • Fast-Acting Insulin: Regular, semilente, Humalog.
    • Intermediate-Acting Insulin: Lente, NPH.
    • Long-Acting Insulin: Ultra lente, Lantus.
    • Appearance: Clear types include regular and Humalog; Lantus is also clear, while NPH is cloudy.
    • Important to not shake insulin syringes and administer in the correct order.

    Medication Administration and Calculation

    • Use of formulas to calculate dosages:
      • Desired/Have x Quantity = Amount to give.
    • Accurate measurement is crucial for solids and liquids.

    Side Effects of ACE Inhibitors

    • Common side effects include:
      • Cough: Due to changes in angiotensin conversion in the lungs.
      • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
      • Headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia.
    • High WBC count may indicate infection; monitor and notify providers if signs appear.

    Important Notes

    • It is imperative to verify medication orders to avoid legal liability from administering incorrect dosages.
    • Avoid NSAIDs with ACE inhibitors to prevent antagonistic effects and monitor for hyperkalemia if taken with potassium supplements.

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    Pharmacology NCM 106 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental principles of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. This quiz covers key concepts such as drug interactions, effectiveness, biotransformation, and treatment options for cardiovascular issues. Dive deep into the science of how drugs work and their impact on the body.

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