18 Questions
What is a characteristic of drugs that demonstrate first-order kinetics?
The half-life of elimination is constant regardless of the amount of drug in the body.
What is the term for the rate of elimination that is constant regardless of concentration?
Zero-order elimination
What is the typical pattern of concentration decrease for drugs that demonstrate zero-order elimination?
The concentration decreases in a linear fashion over time.
What is the purpose of a two-compartment model in pharmacokinetics?
To simulate the behavior of a drug that undergoes an early distribution phase followed by a slower elimination phase.
What is a characteristic of the elimination phase of a first-order drug when plotted on a logarithmic axis?
It is a straight line.
What is the term for the time it takes for the concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%?
Half-life
What is the characteristic of drugs with first-order kinetics?
The rate of elimination is proportional to concentration.
What is the characteristic of zero-order elimination?
The rate of elimination is constant and independent of concentration
What is the initial curvilinear portion of the serum concentration-time curve representing?
Distribution phase
What is the primary function of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States?
To regulate the sale and use of drugs.
How is the elimination half-life typically measured?
By measuring the time between any two plasma concentration points on the elimination phase that differ by twofold
What type of elimination is characterized by a constant rate of elimination, regardless of concentration?
Zero-order elimination
What is the goal of rational molecular design or screening?
To find a molecule that selectively alters the function of the target
What is a prerequisite for a new drug to be approved for regular therapeutic use in humans?
A series of animal and experimental human studies.
What is the characteristic of 'me-too' drugs?
They are the result of simple chemical alteration of the pharmacokinetic properties of the original prototype agent
What is the purpose of constructing accurate mathematical models in pharmacokinetics?
To predict the behavior of drugs in the body.
What is the significance of a drug being distributed to only one compartment?
It behaves as if it were restricted to the vascular compartment.
What is the significance of the linear portion of the serum concentration-time curve?
It represents the elimination phase of the drug
Understand the concepts of first-order and zero-order elimination in pharmacokinetics, including their characteristics and effects on drug concentration in the body.
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