29 Questions
What does the formula T1/2 life CL = rate of elimination/concentration Vd= amount of drug in the body/Total conc in plasma represent?
The relationship between the volume of distribution and the total concentration of a drug in plasma
What is the process called when a drug administered into the body has some of its proportion carried away in the portal system to the liver before reaching the target site?
First pass metabolism
What is the main factor that determines how easily a non-ionized drug can diffuse across cell membranes?
The drug's lipid solubility
What is the term for the fraction of the administered dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation in a chemically unchanged state?
Bioavailability
What is the time taken for 50% of a given concentration of a drug to be eliminated?
Half-life (t1/2)
What is the term for the movement of a drug from the blood to the interstitial or extracellular fluid?
Distribution
What are the three main compartments that a drug can be distributed into in the body?
Intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular
What is the route of administration that has an absolute bioavailability of 1 (F=1 or 100% bioavailable)?
Intravenous route
What is the formula for calculating the bioavailability of a drug?
B.A = AUC of a given route/AUC of I.V
Which of the following is NOT a determinant of drug distribution?
Age of the patient
What is the term for the form of a drug that is bound to plasma proteins and cannot elicit its action?
Bound form
Which organ receives the highest blood flow and therefore has a higher distribution of drugs?
Brain
What type of metabolism do drugs like verapamil, lidocaine, and propranolol undergo?
Pre-systemic or first-pass metabolism
What is the purpose of metabolic reactions in the liver?
To convert the drug into a more polar chemical that can be easily excreted
What is the phase I reaction also known as?
Functionalization
Where are cytochrome P450 systems located?
Within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
What is the result of enzyme induction in phase I reactions?
Drug interactions
What are the types of phase I reactions?
Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, demethylation
What happens when free forms of a drug are reduced or excreted?
Bound forms gradually become unbound and begin to elicit an action
What is the apparent volume of distribution (Vd) equivalent to?
The dose of the drug divided by the concentration in the blood
What affects the rate of blood flow to different tissues?
The varying rates of blood flow to different tissues
What is the primary location where drug metabolism occurs?
The liver
What is the result of an increase in the volume of distribution (Vd) on the half-life (t1/2) of a drug?
The half-life increases
What happens to a drug if it is sufficiently polar after Phase I?
It is directly excreted
What type of conjugation reaction occurs with sulfuric acid?
Sulfuric conjugation
What is a characteristic of polar metabolites produced in Phase II?
They are not reabsorbed by the kidney
What is an example of a pro-drug?
Enalapril
What is a factor that influences biotransformation?
All of the above
What is an example of an enzyme inducer?
Carbamazepine
This quiz covers pharmacokinetic concepts, including elimination rates, volume of distribution, and first-pass metabolism. Test your knowledge of drug concentration, plasma levels, and the body's processing of administered drugs.
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