Conventional Extraction Techniques

What is the primary purpose of grinding plant materials in maceration?

To reduce the volume of the plant material
To increase the surface area for proper mixing with solvent (correct)
To remove impurities from the plant material
To facilitate the infusion process

What is the solid residue of the extraction process called?

Menstruum
Occluded solution
Solvent
Marc (correct)

What is the purpose of occasional shaking in maceration?

To facilitate diffusion and remove concentrated solution (correct)
To decrease the extraction yield
To reduce the amount of solvent required
To increase the temperature of the mixture

What is an advantage of maceration for heat-sensitive substances?

It can be used for heat-sensitive substances (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of maceration?

It requires a large amount of solvent (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the method where hot solvent is poured over the plant material in a special container?

Infusion (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor considered when choosing a solvent for extraction in conventional extraction techniques?

Polarity of the targeted compound (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for classifying extraction methods in conventional extraction techniques?

Whether the method is cold or hot (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of considering molecular affinity between solvent and solute in conventional extraction techniques?

To improve the efficiency of extraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following extraction techniques is not based on the extracting power of solvents?

None of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is maceration a popular method for extracting bioactive compounds?

It is a popular and inexpensive way to get essential oils and bioactive compounds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of considering financial feasibility in solvent selection for conventional extraction techniques?

It reduces the cost of extraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Soxhlet extraction method?

To extract lipid from plant materials (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant materials are typically used with the decoction method?

Hard plant materials like barks, stems and roots (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cooling condenser in a Soxhlet extractor?

To cool the solvent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the decoction and digestion methods?

The level of heat applied (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the thimble in a Soxhlet extractor?

To hold the plant material (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Soxhlet extraction method widely used as a model for comparison?

Because it is a well-established method for extracting valuable bioactive compounds (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the solvent in the thimble-holder after reaching an overflow level?

It is aspirated by a siphon (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a Soxhlet extractor when the plant material is affected by direct heat?

It is a gentle method that does not expose the plant material to direct heat (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Soxhlet extractor and the reflux extractor?

The need for filtration of the extract (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the condenser in the reflux extractor?

To cool the solvent (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using the Soxhlet extractor and reflux extractor?

They can be used with dangerous organic solvents (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences the release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue during hydrodistillation?

Water and steam (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the siphon in the Soxhlet extractor?

To unload the solution back into the distillation flask (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of indirect cooling in hydrodistillation?

To separate oil from water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of hydrodistillation when it comes to extracting thermo labile compounds?

It can cause the loss of volatile components (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the hydrodistillation process?

Packing the plant material in a still compartment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main physicochemical processes involved in hydrodistillation?

Hydrodiffusion, Hydrolysis, and Decomposition by heat (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many types of hydrodistillation are mentioned in the text?

3 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of water in the hydrodistillation process?

To facilitate the release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of hydrodistillation over other conventional extraction techniques?

It does not involve the use of organic solvents (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the decomposition by heat process in hydrodistillation?

Loss of volatile components (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the separator in the hydrodistillation process?

To separate the oil and bioactive compounds from water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences the efficiency of hydrodistillation?

Temperature of the extraction process (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hydrolysis in hydrodistillation?

Release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of hydrodistillation when it comes to extracting thermo labile compounds?

It involves the use of high temperatures (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of direct steam in the hydrodistillation process?

To facilitate the release of bioactive compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the hydrodiffusion process in hydrodistillation?

Release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using water and steam distillation over water distillation?

It is more efficient at releasing bioactive compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers