Conventional Extraction Techniques
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of grinding plant materials in maceration?

  • To reduce the volume of the plant material
  • To increase the surface area for proper mixing with solvent (correct)
  • To remove impurities from the plant material
  • To facilitate the infusion process
  • What is the solid residue of the extraction process called?

  • Menstruum
  • Occluded solution
  • Solvent
  • Marc (correct)
  • What is the purpose of occasional shaking in maceration?

  • To facilitate diffusion and remove concentrated solution (correct)
  • To decrease the extraction yield
  • To reduce the amount of solvent required
  • To increase the temperature of the mixture
  • What is an advantage of maceration for heat-sensitive substances?

    <p>It can be used for heat-sensitive substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of maceration?

    <p>It requires a large amount of solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the method where hot solvent is poured over the plant material in a special container?

    <p>Infusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor considered when choosing a solvent for extraction in conventional extraction techniques?

    <p>Polarity of the targeted compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary basis for classifying extraction methods in conventional extraction techniques?

    <p>Whether the method is cold or hot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of considering molecular affinity between solvent and solute in conventional extraction techniques?

    <p>To improve the efficiency of extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following extraction techniques is not based on the extracting power of solvents?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is maceration a popular method for extracting bioactive compounds?

    <p>It is a popular and inexpensive way to get essential oils and bioactive compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of considering financial feasibility in solvent selection for conventional extraction techniques?

    <p>It reduces the cost of extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Soxhlet extraction method?

    <p>To extract lipid from plant materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plant materials are typically used with the decoction method?

    <p>Hard plant materials like barks, stems and roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cooling condenser in a Soxhlet extractor?

    <p>To cool the solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the decoction and digestion methods?

    <p>The level of heat applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the thimble in a Soxhlet extractor?

    <p>To hold the plant material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Soxhlet extraction method widely used as a model for comparison?

    <p>Because it is a well-established method for extracting valuable bioactive compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the solvent in the thimble-holder after reaching an overflow level?

    <p>It is aspirated by a siphon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a Soxhlet extractor when the plant material is affected by direct heat?

    <p>It is a gentle method that does not expose the plant material to direct heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the Soxhlet extractor and the reflux extractor?

    <p>The need for filtration of the extract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the condenser in the reflux extractor?

    <p>To cool the solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using the Soxhlet extractor and reflux extractor?

    <p>They can be used with dangerous organic solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue during hydrodistillation?

    <p>Water and steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the siphon in the Soxhlet extractor?

    <p>To unload the solution back into the distillation flask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of indirect cooling in hydrodistillation?

    <p>To separate oil from water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of hydrodistillation when it comes to extracting thermo labile compounds?

    <p>It can cause the loss of volatile components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the hydrodistillation process?

    <p>Packing the plant material in a still compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main physicochemical processes involved in hydrodistillation?

    <p>Hydrodiffusion, Hydrolysis, and Decomposition by heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of hydrodistillation are mentioned in the text?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of water in the hydrodistillation process?

    <p>To facilitate the release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of hydrodistillation over other conventional extraction techniques?

    <p>It does not involve the use of organic solvents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the decomposition by heat process in hydrodistillation?

    <p>Loss of volatile components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the separator in the hydrodistillation process?

    <p>To separate the oil and bioactive compounds from water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the efficiency of hydrodistillation?

    <p>Temperature of the extraction process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of hydrolysis in hydrodistillation?

    <p>Release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of hydrodistillation when it comes to extracting thermo labile compounds?

    <p>It involves the use of high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of direct steam in the hydrodistillation process?

    <p>To facilitate the release of bioactive compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the hydrodiffusion process in hydrodistillation?

    <p>Release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using water and steam distillation over water distillation?

    <p>It is more efficient at releasing bioactive compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

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