40 Questions
What is the primary purpose of grinding plant materials in maceration?
To increase the surface area for proper mixing with solvent
What is the solid residue of the extraction process called?
Marc
What is the purpose of occasional shaking in maceration?
To facilitate diffusion and remove concentrated solution
What is an advantage of maceration for heat-sensitive substances?
It can be used for heat-sensitive substances
What is a disadvantage of maceration?
It requires a large amount of solvent
What is the name of the method where hot solvent is poured over the plant material in a special container?
Infusion
What is the main factor considered when choosing a solvent for extraction in conventional extraction techniques?
Polarity of the targeted compound
What is the primary basis for classifying extraction methods in conventional extraction techniques?
Whether the method is cold or hot
What is the purpose of considering molecular affinity between solvent and solute in conventional extraction techniques?
To improve the efficiency of extraction
Which of the following extraction techniques is not based on the extracting power of solvents?
None of the above
Why is maceration a popular method for extracting bioactive compounds?
It is a popular and inexpensive way to get essential oils and bioactive compounds
What is the primary advantage of considering financial feasibility in solvent selection for conventional extraction techniques?
It reduces the cost of extraction
What is the primary purpose of the Soxhlet extraction method?
To extract lipid from plant materials
What type of plant materials are typically used with the decoction method?
Hard plant materials like barks, stems and roots
What is the function of the cooling condenser in a Soxhlet extractor?
To cool the solvent
What is the main difference between the decoction and digestion methods?
The level of heat applied
What is the purpose of the thimble in a Soxhlet extractor?
To hold the plant material
Why is the Soxhlet extraction method widely used as a model for comparison?
Because it is a well-established method for extracting valuable bioactive compounds
What happens to the solvent in the thimble-holder after reaching an overflow level?
It is aspirated by a siphon
What is the advantage of using a Soxhlet extractor when the plant material is affected by direct heat?
It is a gentle method that does not expose the plant material to direct heat
What is the main difference between the Soxhlet extractor and the reflux extractor?
The need for filtration of the extract
What is the purpose of the condenser in the reflux extractor?
To cool the solvent
What is an advantage of using the Soxhlet extractor and reflux extractor?
They can be used with dangerous organic solvents
What is the primary factor that influences the release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue during hydrodistillation?
Water and steam
What is the purpose of the siphon in the Soxhlet extractor?
To unload the solution back into the distillation flask
What is the main purpose of indirect cooling in hydrodistillation?
To separate oil from water
What is a potential drawback of hydrodistillation when it comes to extracting thermo labile compounds?
It can cause the loss of volatile components
What is the first step in the hydrodistillation process?
Packing the plant material in a still compartment
What are the three main physicochemical processes involved in hydrodistillation?
Hydrodiffusion, Hydrolysis, and Decomposition by heat
How many types of hydrodistillation are mentioned in the text?
3
What is the primary role of water in the hydrodistillation process?
To facilitate the release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue
What is the main advantage of hydrodistillation over other conventional extraction techniques?
It does not involve the use of organic solvents
What is the result of the decomposition by heat process in hydrodistillation?
Loss of volatile components
What is the purpose of the separator in the hydrodistillation process?
To separate the oil and bioactive compounds from water
What is the primary factor that influences the efficiency of hydrodistillation?
Temperature of the extraction process
What is the result of hydrolysis in hydrodistillation?
Release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue
What is the main limitation of hydrodistillation when it comes to extracting thermo labile compounds?
It involves the use of high temperatures
What is the primary role of direct steam in the hydrodistillation process?
To facilitate the release of bioactive compounds
What is the result of the hydrodiffusion process in hydrodistillation?
Release of bioactive compounds from plant tissue
What is the primary advantage of using water and steam distillation over water distillation?
It is more efficient at releasing bioactive compounds
This quiz covers conventional extraction techniques in pharmacognosy, including maceration and hot extraction methods. It also discusses the importance of solvent choice and factors to consider for efficient extraction. Test your knowledge of these fundamental techniques in pharmacognosy.
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