Intro to pharm- Dr H

What is the primary purpose of observing genetic changes in infants?

What is the relationship between the body and the location of medications?

What is the goal of estimating the safeness of a drug?

Why is it important to understand the location of a medication's site of metabolism in the body?

What is the purpose of estimating the safeness of a drug?

What is the role of medications in the body?

What can be said about the mention of 'individual effects' in the context of medications?

What is the relationship between the increase in the sum of individual effects and medications?

Medications taken during pregnancy can pass to the fetus through breast milk

Human pregnancy drug studies that did NOT demonstrate fetal risk are categorized by the FDA as

Drug studies NOT performed during human pregnancy, but done on animals that did NOT demonstrate fetal risk are categorized by the FDA as

Drugs NOT studied in human nor animal pregnancies; OR animal studies have revealed some teratogenic potential causing extremely abnormal genetic changes), BUT fetal risk is unknown are categorized by the FDA as category

Drugs in which studies revealed adverse fetal risk and the drug benefit-to-risk ratio MUST be established BEFORE pregnancy use are categorized by the FDA as category

Drugs in which the drug studies revealed teratogenic effects in animals where the fetal risk clearly outweighs benefit. The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy as categorized by the FDA as a category

What is different about infants that make pediatric drug absorption differ from that of adults

In geriatric patients, decreased intestinal blood flow, surface area and motility all delay drug absoprtion and speed up drug action onset

In geriatric patients, decreased liver blood flow, organ size and enzyme concentrations leads to a decreased catabolism rate and increased duration & drug action intensity

In geriatric patients, decreased renal function and blood flow contribute to slow drug excretion rate and longer duration & drug action intensity

CHF drugs such as beta blockers ("olol") and SOME calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem) may cause

Drugs for HYPOkalemia such as thiazides, loop diuretics,and/or cardiac glycosides (digoxin) may cause

NSAIDs and aminoglycosides (digoxin) adverse effects include

In geriatric patients, drug effects decrease with repeated administration

Drug interaction where physical alterations of the drug occur before administration- when different drugs are mixed in a single syringe or other container is known as

drug interaction where the combined effect of 2 drugs (each producing same biological response), BUT have different MOA is equal to the sum of their individual effects is

drug interaction where the combined effect of 2 drugs is GREATER than the sum of their individual effects is

drug interaction where the combined effects of 2 drugs is LESS than the sum of their individual effects is