Intro to pharm- Dr H
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of observing genetic changes in infants?

  • To estimate the sum of individual erects
  • To determine the safeness of a drug
  • To understand how the medication will work in the body
  • To identify extremely abnormal genetic changes (correct)

    • What is the relationship between the body and the location of medications?

  • Medications work in specific locations in the body (correct)
  • The location of medications determines their effect on the body
  • The body has no effect on the location of medications
  • The body determines the location of medications

    • What is the goal of estimating the safeness of a drug?

  • To understand how it works in the body
  • To determine its effect on individual erects
  • To ensure its safe use in infants (correct)
  • To identify extremely abnormal genetic changes

    • Why is it important to understand the location of a medication's site of metabolism in the body?

    <p>To understand how the medication works.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of estimating the safeness of a drug?

    <p>To evaluate its potential risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of medications in the body?

    <p>To work on specific areas of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the mention of 'individual effects' in the context of medications?

    <p>It refers to the individual's genetic response to a medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the increase in the sum of individual effects and medications?

    <p>The increase is a measure of the medication's effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medications taken during pregnancy can pass to the fetus through breast milk

    <p>true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human pregnancy drug studies that did NOT demonstrate fetal risk are categorized by the FDA as

    <p>Category A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drug studies NOT performed during human pregnancy, but done on animals that did NOT demonstrate fetal risk are categorized by the FDA as

    <p>Category B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs NOT studied in human nor animal pregnancies; OR animal studies have revealed some teratogenic potential causing extremely abnormal genetic changes), BUT fetal risk is unknown are categorized by the FDA as category

    <p>Category C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs in which studies revealed adverse fetal risk and the drug benefit-to-risk ratio MUST be established BEFORE pregnancy use are categorized by the FDA as category

    <p>Category D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs in which the drug studies revealed teratogenic effects in animals where the fetal risk clearly outweighs benefit. The drug is contraindicated in pregnancy as categorized by the FDA as a category

    <p>Category X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is different about infants that make pediatric drug absorption differ from that of adults

    <p>infants have higher % body water than adults and increased % body fat than adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geriatric patients, decreased intestinal blood flow, surface area and motility all delay drug absoprtion and speed up drug action onset

    <p>false</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geriatric patients, decreased liver blood flow, organ size and enzyme concentrations leads to a decreased catabolism rate and increased duration & drug action intensity

    <p>true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geriatric patients, decreased renal function and blood flow contribute to slow drug excretion rate and longer duration & drug action intensity

    <p>true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    CHF drugs such as beta blockers ("olol") and SOME calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem) may cause

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs for HYPOkalemia such as thiazides, loop diuretics,and/or cardiac glycosides (digoxin) may cause

    <p>Increased loss of K+ and potentially lead to arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NSAIDs and aminoglycosides (digoxin) adverse effects include

    <p>decreased renal function, potentiallyresulting in renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geriatric patients, drug effects decrease with repeated administration

    <p>true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drug interaction where physical alterations of the drug occur before administration- when different drugs are mixed in a single syringe or other container is known as

    <p>incompatability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    drug interaction where the combined effect of 2 drugs (each producing same biological response), BUT have different MOA is equal to the sum of their individual effects is

    <p>summation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    drug interaction where the combined effect of 2 drugs is GREATER than the sum of their individual effects is

    <p>synergism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    drug interaction where the combined effects of 2 drugs is LESS than the sum of their individual effects is

    <p>antagonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Genetic Changes and Medication

    • Extremely abnormal genetic changes can occur in infants given certain medications.
    • These genetic changes can lead to an increase in individual reactions to medications.

    Medication Safety

    • An estimate of a drug's safeness is crucial.
    • The working of medications in the body will be discussed throughout the course.

    Note: The provided text seems to be incomplete and has some errors. I've tried to make sense of it and extract the key points.

    Genetic Changes and Medication

    • Extremely abnormal genetic changes can occur in infants given certain medications.
    • These genetic changes can lead to an increase in individual reactions to medications.

    Medication Safety

    • An estimate of a drug's safeness is crucial.
    • The working of medications in the body will be discussed throughout the course.

    Note: The provided text seems to be incomplete and has some errors. I've tried to make sense of it and extract the key points.

    Genetic Changes and Medication

    • Extremely abnormal genetic changes can occur in infants given certain medications.
    • These genetic changes can lead to an increase in individual reactions to medications.

    Medication Safety

    • An estimate of a drug's safeness is crucial.
    • The working of medications in the body will be discussed throughout the course.

    Note: The provided text seems to be incomplete and has some errors. I've tried to make sense of it and extract the key points.

    Understanding Medication Effects

    • Extremely abnormal genetic changes can occur in infants given meds.
    • The individual erects (response to medication) will increase, providing an estimate of drug safeness.
    • The suffix of a medication will indicate how it will work in the body.
    • The location in the body where medications are working will be discussed throughout the course.
    • The impact of medications on the body will be explored, including the elevation of sum of individual erects.

    Understanding Medication Effects

    • Extremely abnormal genetic changes can occur in infants given meds.
    • The individual erects (response to medication) will increase, providing an estimate of drug safeness.
    • The suffix of a medication will indicate how it will work in the body.
    • The location in the body where medications are working will be discussed throughout the course.
    • The impact of medications on the body will be explored, including the elevation of sum of individual erects.

    Understanding Medication Effects

    • Extremely abnormal genetic changes can occur in infants given meds.
    • The individual erects (response to medication) will increase, providing an estimate of drug safeness.
    • The suffix of a medication will indicate how it will work in the body.
    • The location in the body where medications are working will be discussed throughout the course.
    • The impact of medications on the body will be explored, including the elevation of sum of individual erects.

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