Pharmaceutical Materials for Smart Use
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of the topic 'SMART MATERIALS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL USE'?

  • Designing novel materials for pharmaceutical applications (correct)
  • Development of new pharmaceuticals
  • Understanding human physiology
  • Improving medical devices

    • What is the main characteristic of 'smart materials'?

  • Always toxic
  • Responsive to external stimuli (correct)
  • Static in nature
  • Only applicable in pharmaceuticals

    • What type of responsive materials is being discussed in topic 6?

  • Light responsive
  • pH and/or ion responsive (correct)
  • Temperature responsive
  • Glucose responsive

    • What is depicted in the schematic illustration?

    <p>pH levels in the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the description of 'dendrimers'?

    <p>Repetitively branched molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the journal mentioned?

    <p>Journal of Controlled Release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the environment depicted at the cellular level?

    <p>In a prototypical mammalian cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the schematic illustration of pH levels?

    <p>In the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical shape of a dendrimer?

    <p>Spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the name 'dendrimer'?

    <p>Greek word for 'tree'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ionizable groups in polymers when the environmental pH changes?

    <p>Their degree of ionization is altered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ionic repulsion on polymeric chains?

    <p>It causes them to repel each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of conjugation chemistry with pH-labile chemical bonds?

    <p>To trigger drug release following a decrease in pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of osmotic pressure effects by the mobile counter ions?

    <p>An increase in the hydrodynamic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to weak polyacids at neutral and high pH?

    <p>They are deprotonated and expose charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polymers will gain charge in acidic conditions?

    <p>Polybases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar ratio of MAPTAC to AAc in the hydrogel?

    <p>10 mol MAPTAC / 20 mol AAc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hydrogels are described in the text?

    <p>Polyampholyte hydrogels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of polymers with ionizable groups in pharmaceutical applications?

    <p>To create pH-dependent charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the molecule shown in the figure?

    <p>Metakilamido)propil]trimetil-Amonyum klorür</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range at which polybases gain charge?

    <p>Acidic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials are polyampholyte hydrogels used as?

    <p>Pharmaceutical materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    pH and/or Ion Responsive Materials

    • pH levels in the body vary, with the colon having a pH of around 5.5-6.8, and the gastrointestinal tract having a pH range of 1.5-7.4.
    • Dendrimers are repetitively branched molecules that can be used to trigger drug release following a decrease in pH.
    • There are two major approaches to trigger drug release using pH responsive materials:
      • Ionizable groups that introduce structural changes or destabilization in self-assembled vesicles.
      • Conjugation chemistry with pH-labile chemical bonds between the drug and the constituent polymers or in between polymer components that entrap the drug.

    Polymers with Ionizable Groups

    • Polymers with ionizable groups in their backbone can form polyelectrolytes in aqueous media.
    • Ionization of these groups changes with environmental pH changes, altering the degree of hydrodynamic volume and ionic repulsion of the polymeric chains.
    • Osmotic pressure effects occur due to the mobile counter ions.

    Polyampholyte Hydrogels

    • Polyampholyte hydrogels are formed using MAPTAC and AAc.
    • The pH responsiveness of these hydrogels is dependent on the degree of ionization of the polyampholyte chains.
    • At low pH, the polyampholyte chains are positively charged, while at high pH, they are negatively charged.
    • Polyampholyte hydrogels can be used to create pH-responsive materials for pharmaceutical applications.

    pH Responsiveness of Polyampholyte Hydrogels

    • Weak polyacids are deprotonated and expose charges at neutral and high pH, while polybases gain charge when shifting to acidic conditions.
    • The pH responsiveness of polyampholyte hydrogels can be controlled by altering the composition of the polyampholyte chains.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the topics of smart materials, including pH responsive and ion responsive materials, and their applications in pharmaceutical use.

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