53 Questions
What is the definition of a powder in pharmacy?
A dry substance composed of finely divided particles
What size do granules used as a dosage form usually have?
2-4 mm diameter
In pharmacy, what does the term 'powder' refer to?
A dry substance composed of finely divided particles
What is the main advantage of granulation in pharmaceutical technology?
Formation of larger particles for better handling
Why are powders an attractive dosage form for certain situations?
They provide a rapid onset of action due to their large surface area
In what way can powders aid in clinical studies of drug preparations?
They enable easy alteration of the medication quantity for each dose
For whom are powders a suitable dosage form when compared to capsules or tablets?
Infants and young children who cannot swallow tablets or capsules
Why is the use of powdered substances in the preparation of other dosage forms extensive despite the limited use of medicated powders per se in therapeutics?
Powdered substances are easier to standardize and manufacture than other dosage forms
What does the sieve number denote?
The number of holes present in the sieve within one-inch length of the sieve mesh
Which term describes a powder where all particles pass through a No. 20 sieve?
Coarse
What is the defining characteristic of a 'Very fine' powder according to the USP?
No limit to greater fineness
What does the particle size of a powder influence, as mentioned in the text?
A variety of factors
What is the purpose of blending powdered drugs with other pharmaceutical ingredients?
To extract the purity of the powdered drugs
What characteristics of solid materials are determined before their use in pharmaceutical products?
Color, taste, smell, and shelf life
What is the significance of adjusting and controlling the particle size of pharmaceutical powders?
It influences the density and shelf life of the pharmaceutical products
What is the range of particle sizes for pharmaceutical powders and granules mentioned in the text?
0.1 mm to 0.5 mm
Segregation occurs when fine particles tend to sift or percolate through coarse particles and end up at the top of the container.
False
Dusting occurs when the finer, lighter particles remain suspended in air longer and settle more quickly than the larger or denser particles.
False
One of the general guidelines to minimize or prevent segregation is to increase the number of transfer steps and drop heights.
False
Most powders for internal use are taken orally after mixing with water or in the case of infants, in their infant formulas.
True
Powders enable a primary care provider to easily alter the quantity of medication for each dose.
True
Powder dosage forms provide a slow onset of action because they require disintegration before absorption.
False
Powders are not suitable for infants and young children who cannot swallow tablets or capsules.
False
The use of medicated powders per se in therapeutics is extensive.
False
Freeze drying refers to the removal of water by freezing from frozen products at low temperatures.
False
Spray drying is a process for converting solutions or suspensions into dry, free-flowing powders in a single drying step.
True
Blending powdered substances should be done without reducing the particle size of each powder individually before weighing and blending.
False
Spatulation involves blending small amounts of powders by shaking them in a container.
False
Powders and granules are generally administered by injection.
False
Powders and granules should be stored in a moist place to maintain their stability.
False
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) deliver micronized particles of medication in metered quantities.
True
The resultant product of constitution with purified water remains stable for up to 4 weeks.
False
What is the undesirable separation of different components of a powder mixture due to differences in density and size called?
Segregation
What may occur when fine, aerated powders with differences in particle size or density are being transferred?
Striation
Which of the following is a general guideline to minimize or prevent powder segregation?
Use of a deflector, vane, or distributor
What is the most common cause of dusting in powders during transfer?
Fine particles remaining suspended in air longer
What method of mixing powders involves adding an equal volume of diluent to the powder mixture and repeating the process until all of the diluent is incorporated?
Trituration
What is the purpose of adding an inert colored powder to the diluent before mixing powders?
To permit visual inspection of the mixing process
Which method of mixing powders involves tumbling the powder in a rotating chamber using specialized small-scale and large-scale motorized powder blenders?
Tumbling
Which method of mixing powders is thorough but time-consuming and involves the use of motorized blades to blend powders in a large vessel?
Granulation
What is a primary disadvantage of using oral powders?
Undesirable taste of the drug
When are medicated powders for oral use preferred over tablets and capsules?
When a patient has difficulty swallowing solid dosage forms
In what way do powders taken orally for systemic use differ from solid dosage forms?
Faster rates of dissolution and absorption
Why are some drugs administered as powders instead of tablets or capsules?
The doses are too bulky to be formed into tablets or capsules
Why are granules preferred over certain powders in making solutions?
Granules are more easily wetted by a solvent and do not tend to float on the surface.
What is one of the advantages of preparing ampicillin as granules instead of an aqueous solution?
Ampicillin granules are more stable in aqueous solution.
What characteristic of granules makes them suitable for certain antibiotic drugs that are unstable in aqueous solution?
Containment of colorants and flavorants.
In what way do granules contribute to the resulting solution or suspension of pharmaceutical products?
By providing all the desired medicinal and pharmaceutical features of a liquid pharmaceutical.
In the wet method of granule preparation, what is the purpose of passing the resulting paste through a screen of the mesh size?
To produce the desired size of granules
What is the alternative dry method of granulation mentioned in the text?
Compression of powder into tablet form using a hydraulic press
What is the process involved in fluid bed processing for granule formation?
Placing particles in an equipment and spraying them with liquid excipient
What characteristic of granules makes them suitable for certain drugs that are unstable in aqueous solution?
Controlled particle size and uniformity
What is the main difference between the wet method and dry method of granule preparation mentioned in the text?
Formation of granules by compression in dry method
Test your knowledge about the various pharmaceutical dosage forms and the process of fabricating them. Explore topics related to tablets, capsules, liquid dosage forms, and semisolid bases for ointments and creams.
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