14 Questions
Which of the following is the primary process by which neutrophils and macrophages destroy ingested microbes?
Phagocytosis
Which of the following are the principal phagocytic receptors on phagocytes?
Both A and B
What is the process by which phagocyte oxidase converts molecular oxygen into superoxide anion and free radicals?
Respiratory burst
Which enzyme is responsible for converting arginine to nitric oxide in macrophages?
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
What is the cause of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
Inherited deficiency of phagocyte oxidase enzyme
What is the purpose of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)?
To trap and kill bacteria and fungi
What is the reason why inflammation may cause tissue injury?
The injury caused by enzymes and ROS liberated into the extracellular space
What is the size range of particles that can be ingested through phagocytosis?
Between 0.5 μm and 1 μm in diameter
What are the two types of receptors that can bind to microbes during phagocytosis?
Antibody receptors and complement receptors
What is the purpose of the oxidative burst during phagocytosis?
To convert molecular oxygen into superoxide anion and free radicals
What is the main function of lysosomal proteases in phagocytes?
Break down microbial proteins
What happens to neutrophils in response to pathogens and inflammatory mediators?
They die and extrude their nuclear contents to form NETs
What is the cause of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
Inherited deficiency of the phagocyte oxidase enzyme
What is the potential downside of releasing enzymes and ROS into the extracellular space to kill microbes?
They may injure host tissues
Test your knowledge on phagocytosis, the process of ingestion and destruction of microbes by immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. Learn about the membrane receptors involved and their binding to microbes. Keywords: phagocytosis, neutrophils, macrophages, membrane receptors, microbes.
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