Biochemistry LE 4: Buffer, Acid-Base Balance

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What is the pKa value of carbonic acid?

7.2

5.6

6.1 (correct)

7.4

What is the equation that relates pH and pKa?

pH = pK' * log

pH = pK' - log

pH = pK' / log

pH = pK' + log (correct)

What is the pH of a mixture of 0.042M NaH2PO4 and 0.058M Na2HPO4?

6.9

7.5

7.34 (correct)

7.0

Why are there 3 pKa values for cis phosphate?

Because it contains 3 protons Signup and view all the answers

What is the conjugate base in the reaction between NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4?

Na2HPO4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial pH of pure water?

7.0 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pH of pure water when 1mL of 10M NaOH is added?

The pH increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the final pH of the buffer solution when 1mL of 10M NaOH is added?

7.34 Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hyperventilating?

Decreased CO2 levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH level in uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?

Greater than 7.45 Signup and view all the answers

Which equation is used to interpret the results of blood gas analysis?

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis based on the results pH 7.33, pO2 90 mmHg, paCO2 27 mmHg, HCO3 14 mmol/L?

Metabolic Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Is there a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

Yes, a respiratory compensatory mechanism Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a respiratory compensatory effort in metabolic acidosis?

Respiratory Alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

Can respiratory compensatory effort fully compensate for metabolic acidosis?

It depends on the severity of metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the method used to interpret blood gas analysis results?

Tic-Tac-Toe method Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in the increased reabsorption of sodium and increased excretion of phosphate?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the major component of titratable acidity?

Phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the adaptive response to increased acid excretion by the kidney?

Increased ammonia production Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when ammonia combines with hydrogen ions?

Ammonium Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of the nephron is responsible for the majority of ammonium removal or secretion?

Distal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of aldosterone in the regulation of phosphate excretion?

Increases phosphate excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the buffer system involved in regulating intracellular fluid pH?

Protein System Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of substance that forms acetate ions, hydrogen ions, and acetic acid when mixed with water?

Weak acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidney in acid-base balance?

Excrete excess hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased ammonia production in the kidney?

Increased ammonium excretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH of the ABG result?

7.35 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary acid-base disorder shown in the ABG result?

Metabolic Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in interpreting the results of an arterial blood gas?

Look at the PaCO2 first Signup and view all the answers

Is there a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

Yes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the patient's respiratory compensatory effort?

Partially compensated Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication of a high PaCO2 level in arterial blood gas results?

Respiratory Acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a normal pH in arterial blood gas results?

The patient's body is fully compensating for the imbalance Signup and view all the answers

What is the acid-base disorder shown in the blood sample with pH = 7.64, PaCO2 = 25, and HCO3 = 19?

Respiratory Alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Henderson-Hasselbach equation in arterial blood gas interpretation?

To determine the respiratory component Signup and view all the answers

What equation is used to interpret the ABG results?

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the Tic-Tac-Toe method in the blood sample with pH = 7.64, PaCO2 = 25, and HCO3 = 19?

Respiratory Alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the assessment of a patient with a pH of 7.57, PaCO2 of 37mmHg, and HCO3 of 30 mEq/L?

Metabolic Alkalosis, Uncompensated Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the partial compensation in the blood sample with pH = 7.64, PaCO2 = 25, and HCO3 = 19?

The bicarbonate levels are too low Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Tic Tac Toe method in arterial blood gas interpretation?

It is used to simplify the interpretation of acid-base balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of a patient's coffee ground secretions and altered mental status?

Gastrointestinal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ordering STAT ABGs in a patient with a nasogastric tube?

To assess the patient's acid-base balance Signup and view all the answers

Biochemistry LE 4: Buffer, Acid-Base Balance

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Questions and Answers

What is the pKa value of carbonic acid?

What is the equation that relates pH and pKa?

What is the pH of a mixture of 0.042M NaH2PO4 and 0.058M Na2HPO4?

Why are there 3 pKa values for cis phosphate?

What is the conjugate base in the reaction between NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4?

What is the initial pH of pure water?

What happens to the pH of pure water when 1mL of 10M NaOH is added?

What is the final pH of the buffer solution when 1mL of 10M NaOH is added?

What is the result of hyperventilating?

What is the pH level in uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?

Which equation is used to interpret the results of blood gas analysis?

What is the diagnosis based on the results pH 7.33, pO2 90 mmHg, paCO2 27 mmHg, HCO3 14 mmol/L?

Is there a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

What is the result of a respiratory compensatory effort in metabolic acidosis?

Can respiratory compensatory effort fully compensate for metabolic acidosis?

What is the term for the method used to interpret blood gas analysis results?

Which hormone is involved in the increased reabsorption of sodium and increased excretion of phosphate?

What is the major component of titratable acidity?

What is the adaptive response to increased acid excretion by the kidney?

What is the product formed when ammonia combines with hydrogen ions?

Which segment of the nephron is responsible for the majority of ammonium removal or secretion?

What is the role of aldosterone in the regulation of phosphate excretion?

What is the buffer system involved in regulating intracellular fluid pH?

What is the type of substance that forms acetate ions, hydrogen ions, and acetic acid when mixed with water?

What is the role of the kidney in acid-base balance?

What is the result of increased ammonia production in the kidney?

What is the pH of the ABG result?

What is the primary acid-base disorder shown in the ABG result?

What is the first step in interpreting the results of an arterial blood gas?

Is there a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

What is the result of the patient's respiratory compensatory effort?

What is the indication of a high PaCO2 level in arterial blood gas results?

What is the significance of a normal pH in arterial blood gas results?

What is the acid-base disorder shown in the blood sample with pH = 7.64, PaCO2 = 25, and HCO3 = 19?

What is the purpose of the Henderson-Hasselbach equation in arterial blood gas interpretation?

What equation is used to interpret the ABG results?

What is the result of the Tic-Tac-Toe method in the blood sample with pH = 7.64, PaCO2 = 25, and HCO3 = 19?

What is the assessment of a patient with a pH of 7.57, PaCO2 of 37mmHg, and HCO3 of 30 mEq/L?

What is the reason for the partial compensation in the blood sample with pH = 7.64, PaCO2 = 25, and HCO3 = 19?

What is the significance of the Tic Tac Toe method in arterial blood gas interpretation?

What is the likely cause of a patient's coffee ground secretions and altered mental status?

What is the purpose of ordering STAT ABGs in a patient with a nasogastric tube?

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