Petrophysics: Rw and Sw Estimations from Logs
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of accurately estimating lithology and porosity in reservoirs?

  • To estimate the saturation and volume of hydrocarbons (correct)
  • To calculate the salinity of formation water
  • To determine the Archie equation
  • To understand the effects of Rw on hydrocarbon volume

Why do petrophysicists find Rw challenging despite it being seemingly simple?

  • Due to variations in formation water salinity (correct)
  • Because it is a linear multiplier
  • Because it directly influences the Archie equation
  • Due to its consistency across reservoirs

How does an increase in Rw affect the calculated water saturation (Sw)?

  • Decreases Sw
  • Has no effect on Sw
  • Increases Sw (correct)
  • Reduces porosity

What is the impact of Rw on the Archie equation and its derivatives?

<p>Rw is a direct multiplier in the numerator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does Rw not have a linear relationship with water saturation (Sw)?

<p>Due to variations in water salinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor leads to variations in Rw across fields like hyper-saline fields in the US?

<p>Dynamic aquifers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main challenges when deriving Rw from recovered formation water samples?

<p>The presence of iron in appreciable quantities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what kind of water is Rw relatively insensitive when saltier than 50,000 ppm NaCl equivalent?

<p>Saline water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a change in salinity from 50,000 ppm to 60,000 ppm result in for Rw at 75 °F?

<p>A decrease of 0.02 from 0.135 to 0.115 Ωm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Rw commonly measured when using recovered formation water samples?

<p>From the Resistivity of mud filtrate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to some component salts in recovered formation water samples due to pressure and temperature changes?

<p>They can change their solubility and be lost through precipitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor can significantly influence the precision of an analysis that relies on Rw for calculation?

<p>The presence of iron in the recovered formation water sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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