Podcast
Questions and Answers
How do personality psychologists define the self?
How do personality psychologists define the self?
- the entire system of an individual's knowledge, evaluation, and regulation of her- or himself (correct)
- what results from the intersection of an individual's self-concept and that individual's self-esteem
- an abstraction representing cultural, psychological, and biological components
- the sum total of each person's unique life experiences manifested within genetic constraints
Which of the following statements about self-schema is accurate?
Which of the following statements about self-schema is accurate?
- Self-schema is an affective representation of the self.
- Self-schema is a cognitive representation of the self. (correct)
- Self-schemas are easily and frequently changed.
- Self-schemas mean that there are very limited ways of studying the self.
Consider what you know about clothing and the self. Which of the following statements is correct?
Consider what you know about clothing and the self. Which of the following statements is correct?
- Clothing has a major impact on how we see ourselves and how others see us. (correct)
- Clothing impacts how others see us but not how we see ourselves.
- Clothing impacts how we see ourselves but not how others see us.
- Clothing does not impact how we see ourselves.
Johanna is normally quite casual with her friends and family but acts in a very formal manner when at the ladies' luncheon. This is because she observes the other women behaving in a similar way and wants her own behaviour to fit in. Johanna is engaging in _____.
Johanna is normally quite casual with her friends and family but acts in a very formal manner when at the ladies' luncheon. This is because she observes the other women behaving in a similar way and wants her own behaviour to fit in. Johanna is engaging in _____.
Even though Linda has finished her degree in radiography, she feels like a fraud when she enters the emergency room at the hospital where she works. Linda is experiencing _____.
Even though Linda has finished her degree in radiography, she feels like a fraud when she enters the emergency room at the hospital where she works. Linda is experiencing _____.
What are the four components that relate to authenticity of the self?
What are the four components that relate to authenticity of the self?
According to sociometer theory, when belongingness is _____ self-esteem _____.
According to sociometer theory, when belongingness is _____ self-esteem _____.
Self-kindness means treating yourself as you would a(n) _____
Self-kindness means treating yourself as you would a(n) _____
Daniel is a first-time dad and feels like each day is a learning experience. This morning, he yelled at his toddler to slow down, thinking she might fall, but she fell anyway and was scared by his loud voice. At first, he felt bad about himself, but then he decided he should not beat himself up but rather make a mental note about it for next time. Daniel is exemplifying _____
Daniel is a first-time dad and feels like each day is a learning experience. This morning, he yelled at his toddler to slow down, thinking she might fall, but she fell anyway and was scared by his loud voice. At first, he felt bad about himself, but then he decided he should not beat himself up but rather make a mental note about it for next time. Daniel is exemplifying _____
Sara has an undeservedly high opinion of herself. She is brash and assertive, and virtually everyone she meets thinks of her as conceited. What type of narcissism does Sara exemplify?
Sara has an undeservedly high opinion of herself. She is brash and assertive, and virtually everyone she meets thinks of her as conceited. What type of narcissism does Sara exemplify?
People high in narcissism differ from other people with high self-esteem in that _____.
People high in narcissism differ from other people with high self-esteem in that _____.
What is the basis of self-discrepancy theory?
What is the basis of self-discrepancy theory?
Professor Dempsey thinks the Freudian view that sex plays a central role in psychological conflict is exaggerated. She thinks interpersonal relationships and the social context are of greater importance to psychological development. Professor Dempsey is most likely a _____
Professor Dempsey thinks the Freudian view that sex plays a central role in psychological conflict is exaggerated. She thinks interpersonal relationships and the social context are of greater importance to psychological development. Professor Dempsey is most likely a _____
Which part of our mind is known as "above I"?
Which part of our mind is known as "above I"?
According to the psychodynamic perspective, _____ are psychological processes that keep us from consciously experiencing things that could cause us suffering.
According to the psychodynamic perspective, _____ are psychological processes that keep us from consciously experiencing things that could cause us suffering.
Andie loves to make others laugh as a way of building bridges between people. This style of humour is known as _____ humour.
Andie loves to make others laugh as a way of building bridges between people. This style of humour is known as _____ humour.
Xiao Ling sees the world and the people in it as threats. To overcome these perceived challenges, she tries to secure background information on her supposed foes in order to use it against them. According to Horney's model of personality, Xiao Ling is using the moving _____ technique.
Xiao Ling sees the world and the people in it as threats. To overcome these perceived challenges, she tries to secure background information on her supposed foes in order to use it against them. According to Horney's model of personality, Xiao Ling is using the moving _____ technique.
The ego is the conscious part of the mind that navigates between the _____ and the _____
The ego is the conscious part of the mind that navigates between the _____ and the _____
Jordan said, "I'm all ego! I do what I want, whenever I want to." Avery said, "I'm pure id. I know right from wrong, and I always take the moral path." Taylor said, "I am the definition of super- ego. I am sensible and realistic at all times" Despite their best intentions, these three Freudians are a bit mixed up. Can you assign the correct attributes to each person?
Jordan said, "I'm all ego! I do what I want, whenever I want to." Avery said, "I'm pure id. I know right from wrong, and I always take the moral path." Taylor said, "I am the definition of super- ego. I am sensible and realistic at all times" Despite their best intentions, these three Freudians are a bit mixed up. Can you assign the correct attributes to each person?
The unconscious meaning of a dream is found in the dream's _____
The unconscious meaning of a dream is found in the dream's _____
Why can WEIRD research participants be problematic?
Why can WEIRD research participants be problematic?
How are generations defined?
How are generations defined?
The presence of large land mammals led Europeans toward an agricultural culture based on domestication of wildlife, rather than a hunting and gathering culture. This is an example of a cultural difference based on _____
The presence of large land mammals led Europeans toward an agricultural culture based on domestication of wildlife, rather than a hunting and gathering culture. This is an example of a cultural difference based on _____
The idea that culture shapes individuals and individuals shape culture is known as the _____ model.
The idea that culture shapes individuals and individuals shape culture is known as the _____ model.
The cultural difference that has been studied the most is the relationship between _____ and _____.
The cultural difference that has been studied the most is the relationship between _____ and _____.
The U.S. government requiring citizens to be responsible for their own health care costs rather than relying on publicly-funded health care can be seen as an example of _____
The U.S. government requiring citizens to be responsible for their own health care costs rather than relying on publicly-funded health care can be seen as an example of _____
If you were raised in a collectivistic culture, how might your friends describe you compared with how you would describe yourself?
If you were raised in a collectivistic culture, how might your friends describe you compared with how you would describe yourself?
When answering questions on a personality test, Francisco thinks about other men he knows and compares himself to them. What is Francisco relying on?
When answering questions on a personality test, Francisco thinks about other men he knows and compares himself to them. What is Francisco relying on?
Flashcards
Definition of Self
Definition of Self
The entire system of an individual's knowledge, evaluation, and regulation of themselves.
Self-Schema
Self-Schema
A cognitive representation of the self, organizing past experiences and future expectations.
Self-Monitoring
Self-Monitoring
When someone observes others and changes their behavior fit in.
Imposter Phenomenon
Imposter Phenomenon
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Authenticity Components
Authenticity Components
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Sociometer Theory
Sociometer Theory
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Self-Kindness
Self-Kindness
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Grandiose Narcissism
Grandiose Narcissism
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Defense Mechanisms
Defense Mechanisms
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Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualism vs. Collectivism
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Study Notes
- Personality psychologists define the self as an individual's entire system of knowledge, evaluation, and regulation.
- Self-schema is a cognitive representation of the self.
- Clothing significantly impacts both self-perception and how others perceive individuals.
- Johanna is engaging in self-monitoring to fit in by adapting her behavior to match others at the ladies' luncheon.
- Linda is experiencing the imposter phenomenon, feeling like a fraud despite completing her radiography degree.
- The four components relating to authenticity of the self include awareness, unbiased processing, behavior, and authentic relationships.
- According to sociometer theory, belongingness is low, self-esteem drops.
- Self-kindness involves treating oneself as one would treat a good friend.
- Daniel is exemplifying mindfulness by making a mental note to improve his reactions instead of beating himself up.
- Sara exemplifies grandiose narcissism with an undeservedly high opinion of herself along with being brash and assertive.
- Individuals high in narcissism differ from those with high self-esteem in that they are neither caring nor interested in emotionally close relationships.
- Self-discrepancy theory is based on linking emotional outcomes to the distance between a person's actual self and their ought and ideal selves.
- Professor Dempsey is most likely a neo-analytic theorist, emphasizing interpersonal relationships and social context rather than sex in psychological development.
- The super-ego is the part of our mind known as "above I".
- According to the psychodynamic perspective, defense mechanisms are psychological processes that keep us from consciously experiencing things that could cause us suffering.
- Affiliative humor is making others laugh to build bridges between people.
- Xiao Ling is using the aggressive or "moving against" technique to overcome perceived threats by securing background information to use against them.
- The ego is the conscious part of the mind that navigates between the id and the super-ego.
- Jordan is pure id, Avery is super-ego, Taylor is ego.
- The unconscious meaning of a dream is found in the dream's latent content.
- WEIRD research participants can be problematic because their behaviors and experiences are likely unrepresentative of human beings overall.
- Generations are arbitrarily defined, representing 15- to 20-year periods.
- The presence of large land mammals led Europeans toward agriculture rather than hunting, is an example of a cultural difference based on geography.
- The idea that culture shapes individuals and individuals shape culture is known as the mutual constitution model.
- The cultural difference studied the most is the relationship between the self and others.
- Requiring citizens to be responsible for their own healthcare costs rather than using publicly-funded healthcare is an example of individualism.
- If raised in a collectivistic culture, friends might describe you more positively than you would describe yourself.
- When answering questions by comparing himself to other men he knows, Francisco relies on the reference-group effect.
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