Personality Psychology Quiz 4

Questions and Answers

Describe self-monitoring and identify characteristics of high and low self-monitors.

Self-monitoring is how you portray yourself to the outside world, and whether the inner self matches the outer self. High self-monitors look for cues in situations and adjust their behavior accordingly. Low self-monitors are more consistent across situations and express themselves honestly.

Which methods are used to uncover essential traits?

Factor analytic method (correct)

Theoretical method (correct)

Behavioral observation

Self-report questionnaires

Recognize theorists and practices associated with the theoretical and factor-analytic methods of identifying essential traits.

Theoretical method: Henry Murray identifies 20 needs as traits. Block & Block propose ego-control and ego-resilience as two central traits. Factor-analytic method: Raymond Cattell developed a 16-essential personality trait questionnaire. Hans Eysenck posited that essentials of personality are determined genetically.

The Big 5 traits of personality include extraversion, _, neuroticism, agreeableness, and _ .

conscientiousness, openness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes high scorers in extraversion?

Social Signup and view all the answers

Match the Big 5 traits with their corresponding characteristics:

Extraversion = Social and fun-loving Neuroticism = Worried and insecure Agreeableness = Trusting and soft-hearted Conscientiousness = Organized and self-disciplined Openness = Creative and open to experiences Signup and view all the answers

High agreeableness is associated with being suspicious and ruthless.

False Signup and view all the answers

Explain the lexical hypothesis and its application to the study of personality traits.

The lexical hypothesis states that personality characteristics important to a group of people will eventually become part of that group's language, often as single words. Over time, many words may become synonymous. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Self-Monitoring

Self-monitoring assesses the alignment between one's inner self and outer presentation.
High self-monitors adapt behavior based on situational cues, showing flexibility in social contexts.
Low self-monitors maintain consistent behavior across situations, often being straightforward in communication.

Methods of Uncovering Essential Traits

Theoretical Method: Involves conceptual thinking to distill numerous traits into a manageable few.
Factor Analytic Method: Utilizes data analysis techniques to identify essential traits by examining patterns in responses.

Theorists Associated with Trait Identification

Henry Murray: Proposed a framework of 20 needs that form the basis of personality traits.
Block & Block: Identified ego-control and ego-resilience as two fundamental traits influencing personality adaptation.
Raymond Cattell: Developed a 16 essential personality trait questionnaire for assessing personality.
Hans Eysenck: Suggested that core personality traits are genetically determined, linked to temperament.

Big 5 Personality Traits

Extraversion: Ranges from social and fun-loving to quiet and serious; associated with popularity but can lead to poor time management.
Neuroticism: Measures emotional stability; high scores correlate with insecurity and lower well-being.
Agreeableness: Spectrum from soft-hearted to ruthless; high agreeableness fosters cooperation and good relationships.
Conscientiousness: Reflects organization vs. disorganization; high levels indicate reliability and goal orientation.
Openness: Includes traits like imagination and independence; linked with creativity and a preference for variety.

Facets of the Big 5 Traits

Extraversion: Includes friendliness, gregariousness, assertiveness, activity level, and cheerfulness.
Agreeableness: Comprised of trust, morality, altruism, and cooperation.
Conscientiousness: Encompasses self-efficacy, orderliness, and self-discipline.
Neuroticism: Features include anxiety, depression, and vulnerability to emotional fluctuations.
Openness: Covers aspects like artistic interests, adventurousness, and intellect.

Lexical Hypothesis

Suggests that significant personality traits become embedded in the language of a community over time.
Highlights how multiple words can evolve to convey similar meanings related to personality, illustrating the richness of human expression.

Description

Test your knowledge on self-monitoring in personality psychology. This quiz focuses on the characteristics of high and low self-monitors and their behaviors in different situations. Discover how self-presentation impacts interpersonal interactions.