Mcane book 29. Pernicious Anemia and Blood Loss Quiz

<p>Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jaundice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals of Northern European descent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 injections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the high mortality rate associated with the disease in the past. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased sympathetic nerve activation, reduced blood pressure, reduced cardiac output, and reduced central venous pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to a gradual depletion of iron reserves, potentially resulting in iron deficiency anemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restoration of blood volume through intravenous fluids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume loss decreases mean systemic filling pressure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reticulocytes are the immature form of red blood cells, increasing production of erythrocytes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron stores may be depleted, potentially impeding erythropoiesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heavy exposure to lead and cadmium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To counteract the effects of drugs that inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypochromic-microcytic anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrointestinal cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced growth and appetite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By interfering with iron absorption in the gut (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lead levels decrease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depletion of iron stores due to insufficient intake or excessive blood loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage IV: Iron levels are replenished and the body returns to a state of iron balance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sTfR assay is not standardized. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serum ferritin level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150 to 200 mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50 mcg/L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identifying and eliminating sources of blood loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased red blood cell count (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transports iron from macrophages to the plasma. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron deficiency anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eryptosis, resulting in the release of phosphatidylserine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inhibits iron release from macrophages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competition for iron by inflammation-related proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause allergic reactions in some patients. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1-2 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A molecule involved in regulating oxygen release from hemoglobin.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat.

Trauma is the primary cause for acute blood loss.

Uncontrolled bleeding following traumatic injuries, a major cause of preventable death.

Stimulated by reduced tissue oxygenation, increases erythrocyte production.

A condition resulting from depleted iron reserves, often after blood loss.

Restoration of blood volume through IV fluids like saline or transfusions.

Classification system developed to estimate blood loss based on presentation.

A type of megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency, often linked to autoimmune gastritis.

A protein secreted by gastric parietal cells necessary for vitamin B12 absorption in the intestine.

A condition where the immune system attacks gastric parietal cells, leading to decreased IF production.

Anemia characterized by the presence of large and abnormal red blood cells due to vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency.

Could be due to inadequate diet, malabsorption, or autoimmune destruction of IF.

A deficiency that can lead to megaloblastic anemia due to inadequate intake or absorption.

Excess bacteria in the intestine, which can interfere with nutrient absorption leading to deficiencies.

Most commonly affects individuals over 30, especially of Northern European descent; can occur in all ethnic groups.

Can be caused by ulcers, hiatal hernia, esophageal varices, and excessive blood loss.

Parenteral folic acid is rarely used, except when certain drugs inhibit dihydrofolate reductase.

Anemia symptoms typically disappear within 1-2 weeks after folate administration.

Common in developing countries, leading to intestinal blood and iron loss, worsening IDA.

Treating helminth infections can improve anemia, appetite, and growth in affected children.

H. pylori infections can cause IDA by impairing iron uptake.

IDA can increase absorption of toxic metals like lead and cadmium, leading to further anemia.

The body's process of reusing iron contained in hemoglobin and stored forms for synthesizing new hemoglobin.

Iron that is stored in the body for future use in hemoglobin synthesis, found primarily in the liver and spleen.

Loss of blood disrupts iron balance, leading to a rapid depletion of iron stores to replace lost iron.

A decrease in iron levels in the blood, often as a response to infection or inflammation.

A condition where the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells, often due to iron deficiency.

Develops through three overlapping stages: depletion of stores, diminished transport, and iron-deficient erythropoiesis.

Iron helps regulate immune functions like cytokine activities and T-cell proliferation, but low iron can also hinder pathogen growth.

Inflammation of the tongue, characterized by a bald, fissured appearance due to iron deficiency anemia.

A sensitive indicator of heme synthesis found in erythrocytes.

A test that distinguishes primary iron deficiency anemia (IDA) from IDA associated with chronic disease.

A glycoprotein that binds transferrin to transport iron into cells.

Estimates body iron stores and differentiates primary IDA from anemia of chronic disease.

Identify and eliminate sources of blood loss, followed by iron replacement therapy.

Typically 150 to 200 mg/day for treating iron deficiency anemia.

A more precise indicator of total body iron stores and treatment progress in IDA.

A rapid decrease in fatigue and symptoms typically seen within the first month of therapy.

Proteins released by lymphocytes and macrophages that facilitate communication in immune responses.

A mild to moderate anemia due to reduced erythropoiesis and impaired iron utilization in chronic disease.

A peptide released in response to IL-6 that regulates iron export from macrophages by affecting ferroportin.

The primary transporter responsible for exporting iron from macrophages to the plasma.

The process of programmed cell death in erythrocytes, contributing to their destruction.

A protein that binds iron and increases in inflammation, competing with transferrin.

The process of isolating iron in the body, limiting its availability for erythropoiesis.

Reduced effective transport of iron due to inflammation-related increases in certain proteins.