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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the main function of dendrites in a neuron?
- Insulation of axons
- Support and protection of neurons
- Communication with other neurons (correct)
- Production of myelin sheath
Which type of glial cell supports and protects neurons in the mammalian brain?
Which type of glial cell supports and protects neurons in the mammalian brain?
- Astrocytes (correct)
- Microglia
- Ependymal cells
- Oligodendrocytes
What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
What is the function of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
- Communication with other neurons
- Production of myelin sheath
- Support and protection of neurons
- Insulation of axons (correct)
What is the main function of satellite cells in the PNS?
What is the main function of satellite cells in the PNS?
What is the purpose of myelin sheath in the PNS?
What is the purpose of myelin sheath in the PNS?
Which type of fibers in the PNS are covered by a multilayered myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells?
Which type of fibers in the PNS are covered by a multilayered myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells?
Which cells outnumber neurons by ten times in the mammalian brain?
Which cells outnumber neurons by ten times in the mammalian brain?
What covers the nerve fibers individually and connects them within the PNS?
What covers the nerve fibers individually and connects them within the PNS?
What is the composition of nerve endings in the PNS?
What is the composition of nerve endings in the PNS?
What is the main function of peripheral nerves in the body?
What is the main function of peripheral nerves in the body?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Which type of ganglia is NOT part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Which type of ganglia is NOT part of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
What is the main function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
What is the main function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
What is the function of synaptic boutons?
What is the function of synaptic boutons?
What type of cells exhibit mitotic activity in nerve tissue?
What type of cells exhibit mitotic activity in nerve tissue?
What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier?
What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier?
What differentiates nerve cells from connective tissue?
What differentiates nerve cells from connective tissue?
Which part of the nervous tissue contains very few connective tissues?
Which part of the nervous tissue contains very few connective tissues?
What is the main function of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the main function of dendrites in a neuron?
Which type of ganglion serves as a relay station to transmit nerve impulses?
Which type of ganglion serves as a relay station to transmit nerve impulses?
Which component of the nervous system forms a network of many billion nerve cells(neurons)?
Which component of the nervous system forms a network of many billion nerve cells(neurons)?
What type of neurons receive afferent impulses that go to the Central Nervous System?
What type of neurons receive afferent impulses that go to the Central Nervous System?
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
Where are the nerve cell bodies of parasympathetic nerves located?
Where are the nerve cell bodies of parasympathetic nerves located?
What do Meissner's plexus and Auerbach's plexus provide innervation to?
What do Meissner's plexus and Auerbach's plexus provide innervation to?
Which sensory receptors respond to mechanical pressure or distortion?
Which sensory receptors respond to mechanical pressure or distortion?
Where are Pacinian corpuscles found?
Where are Pacinian corpuscles found?
What are satellite cells in ganglia?
What are satellite cells in ganglia?
What is the role of autonomic nerves in the body?
What is the role of autonomic nerves in the body?
What do afferent fibers carry?
What do afferent fibers carry?
Study Notes
- The cell body (perykarion) of a neuron contains a large, euchromatic nucleus with a prominent nucleolus and perinuclear cytoplasm rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes.
- Dendrites are projection from the cell body that branch many times and provide locations for other neurons to communicate with the cell body. Dendrites receive information from other neurons at synapses.
- The axon is a single, long process that arises from the cell body, much thinner than the dendrites, and its diameter is related to conduction velocity. It is covered by myelin sheath in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and Schwann cells.
- Glial cells support and protect neurons, outnumbering them by ten times in the mammalian brain. There are six major types of glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, and satellite cells.
- In the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), Schwann cells envelop nerve fibers, and they produce a myelin sheath that insulates the axon, allowing for faster action potential propagation and facilitating regeneration of damaged fibers.
- Satellite cells are cuboidal or squamous glial cells of ganglia that provide metabolic and mechanical support to the neurons.
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is composed of nerves, ganglia, and nerve endings, which are bundles of nerve fibers (axons) individually surrounded by Schwann cells and connective tissue.
- Myelinated fibers in the PNS are covered by a multilayered myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells, which insulates the axon and facilitates action potential propagation.
- Unmyelinated axons are surrounded by a single Schwann cell and do not form myelin sheaths and they use action potentials that do not require myelin sheath insulation.
- Axons and Schwann cells are enclosed within layers of connective tissue, with endoneurium surrounding each axon, perineurium surrounding nerve fascicles, and epineurium surrounding the entire nerve.
- Peripheral nerves provide communication between the CNS and sense organs and effectors (muscles, glands), and they generally contain both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers.
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Test your knowledge of the histology of the peripheral nervous system with this quiz. Quiz content covers the anatomical organization, ganglions, nerves, and autonomic ganglia of the peripheral nervous system.
