Histology Flashcards (Mastering A&P)
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Questions and Answers

What type of cartilage is the highlighted region showing?

  • Hyaline Cartilage
  • Elastic Cartilage (correct)
  • Adipose Connective Tissue
  • Fibrocartilage

    • What produces the highlighted fibers in the tissue?

    Fibroblast

    What is the central canal?

    The highlighted structure is the central canal.

    What is adipose connective tissue?

    <p>Adipose Connective Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell type is represented by the highlighted region?

    <p>Adipocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are canaliculi?

    <p>Canaliculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is perichondrium?

    <p>The highlighted tissue is perichondrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyaline cartilage?

    <p>The highlighted tissue is hyaline cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reticular fibers?

    <p>Highlighted fiber type is reticular fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell type is a chondrocyte?

    <p>The highlighted cell is a chondrocyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the extracellular matrix?

    <p>The highlighted component of connective tissue is the extracellular matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissues provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions?

    <p>Dense irregular connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?

    <p>Fibroblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cell is present in many connective tissues that can differentiate into different types of cell?

    <p>Mesenchymal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ? attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ? connect one bone to another.

    <p>Tendons; ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tissue makes up the framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes?

    <p>Reticular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does collagen decrease and become disorganized as a person ages?

    <p>Fibroblasts become less active as we age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body?

    <p>Plasma, Interstitial fluid, and lymph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues called?

    <p>Matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Blood is which type of tissue?

    <p>Connective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the viscous material between cells of areolar connective tissue?

    <p>Ground substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cells that store fat called?

    <p>Adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of protein fibers in connective tissue?

    <p>Collagen, reticular, and elastic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between germinative cells and epithelial cells?

    <p>Germinative cells divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tissue is the heart and blood vessels lined by?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main tissue categories?

    <p>(1) Muscle Tissue, (2) Connective Tissue, (3) Neural Tissue, (4) Epithelial Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is characterized by several layers of cells without blood vessels?

    <p>Epithelial Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the epithelium connected to the underlying connective tissue?

    <p>A basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of secretion involves the loss of apical cytoplasm?

    <p>Apocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface attaches to the underlying epithelial cells or deeper tissues?

    <p>Basolateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secretions through a duct might provide ?, whereas ductless secretions act as ?.

    <p>Enzymes; hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the transitional epithelium found?

    <p>Lining the urinary bladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of tissues?

    <p>Histology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epithelium is responsible for protection, secretion, and absorption?

    <p>Stratified cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte?

    <p>Mature bone cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to joint cartilage affects which type of tissue?

    <p>Supporting connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes?

    <p>Canaliculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is affected by a herniated disc?

    <p>Fibrous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bone is composed of ? percent cells.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does healing take longer in the cartilage?

    <p>Cartilage is avascular, so healing takes longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell produces the antiangiogenesis factor?

    <p>Chondrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space occupied by an osteocyte?

    <p>A lacuna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the cartilage from surrounding tissues?

    <p>Fibrous perichondrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

    <p>Unlike cartilage, bone is highly vascular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial tissue is highlighted?

    <p>Simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial tissue is highlighted?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial tissue is highlighted?

    <p>Simple columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial tissue is highlighted?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer would NOT be stratum lucidum?

    <p>The highlighted epithelium contains 5 layers in thick skin. Which of those layers would NOT be found in thin skin?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the highlighted structures?

    <p>Nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelial tissue is highlighted?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Histology Overview

    • Histology is the study of tissues and their structures.
    • Tissues are classified into four main categories: muscle, connective, neural, and epithelial.

    Connective Tissue

    • Types of Connective Tissue: Includes adipose, dense irregular, reticular, hyaline cartilage, and bone.
    • Collagen is the dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue, providing strength.
    • Fibroblasts produce protein fibers in connective tissue, including the extracellular matrix.
    • Adipocytes are fat-storing cells in adipose connective tissue.

    Cartilage

    • Types of Cartilage: Elastic cartilage (flexible, found in the ear), hyaline cartilage (smooth, covers joint surfaces), and fibrocartilage (provides support and absorbs shock in joints).
    • Cartilage is avascular, leading to longer healing times after injury.
    • Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells, present within lacunae.
    • Perichondrium is a fibrous layer separating cartilage from surrounding tissues.

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Composed of tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix and avascular nature.
    • Types of Epithelium:
      • Simple Squamous Epithelium: Lines blood vessels (endothelium) and alveoli for diffusion.
      • Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Found in glandular tissues, aiding secretion and absorption.
      • Simple Columnar Epithelium: Often ciliated or with goblet cells, facilitating absorption and mucus secretion.
      • Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Provides protection; keratinized forms found in skin.
      • Transitional Epithelium: Lines the urinary bladder; allows stretching.
      • Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Appears layered but is not; often ciliated.

    Specialized Cells and Structures

    • Goblet Cells: Mucus-secreting cells found in various epithelial tissues.
    • Nuclei: Structures within cells often highlighted in microscopic images.
    • Canaliculi: Narrow passageways in bone containing cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes.

    Extracellular Matrix and Fluid

    • The matrix is composed of fibers and ground substances, providing structural support.
    • Extracellular fluid is divided into three major subdivisions: plasma, interstitial fluid, and lymph.

    Connective Tissue Functions

    • Dense irregular connective tissue resists stresses from multiple directions.
    • Healing of tissues such as cartilage is slower due to reduced vascular supply.

    Cell Types

    • Mesenchymal Cells: Stem cells that differentiate into various cell types in connective tissues.
    • Osteocytes: Mature bone cells, residing in lacunae; manageable through canaliculi.

    Tissue Repair and Aging

    • The activity of fibroblasts decreases with age, leading to less collagen production and more disorganized structures in the skin.

    Tissue Components and Interactions

    • The relationship between germinative cells and epithelial cells involves continuous division to create new epithelial cells.
    • Basal surfaces of epithelial tissues connect to the underlying connective tissue through a basement membrane.

    Fibrous Structures

    • Tendons attach muscles to bones, while ligaments connect bones.
    • Fibrous perichondrium surrounds cartilage and assists in maintaining its structure.

    Secretion Types

    • Different secretion methods include:
      • Apocrine Secretion: Loss of apical cytoplasm during secretion.
      • Ducted Secretions: Enzymes secreted via ducts.
      • Ductless Secretions: Hormones secreted directly into the bloodstream.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of histology with these flashcards from Mastering Anatomy & Physiology. Each card highlights key terms and structures related to connective tissues like elastic cartilage and adipose tissue. Perfect for students aiming to master the fundamentals of histology.

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