Bracken Fern Poisoning in Animals
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method by which bracken fern spreads?

  • Through animal ingestion and excretion
  • Through wind-dispersed spores
  • Through dense rhizome networks (correct)
  • Through underground tubers

In which type of environment is bracken fern most commonly found?

  • Desert regions with high temperatures
  • High-altitude mountain regions
  • Semi-shaded, well-drained, open woodlands (correct)
  • Submerged aquatic environments

Which animal is primarily affected by enzootic hematuria, the most common form of bracken fern poisoning?

  • Cattle (correct)
  • Goats
  • Pigs
  • Rabbits

What is the primary cause of anemia in animals affected by bracken fern poisoning?

<p>Prolonged ingestion of bracken fern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested initial dosage of thiamine solution for the treatment of bracken fern-induced thiamine deficiency in horses?

<p>5 mg/kg IM every 3 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional treatment is recommended for animals similarly exposed to bracken fern but not yet showing signs of thiamine deficiency?

<p>Antibiotics to prevent secondary infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of treatment may be considered for cattle suffering from bracken fern-induced thiamine deficiency that requires large volumes to effectively treat?

<p>2-4 L blood transfusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is most likely to develop anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, and a crouching stance as a result of bracken fern poisoning?

<p>Horses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic stance of horses affected by equine bracken staggers?

<p>Both a and b (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary compound responsible for bracken fern poisoning?

<p>Ptaquiloside (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best prognostic indicator for poisoned animals?

<p>Platelet count (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method recommended for controlling bracken fern growth?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of poisoning in pigs?

<p>Anorexia and weight loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is thiamine deficiency generally not a problem in ruminants?

<p>Because it is synthesized in the rumen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between consumption of milk from cattle with access to bracken fern and human health risk?

<p>Increased risk of human esophageal or gastric cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action can minimize poisoning in animals according to initial epidemiologic studies?

<p>Alternating bracken fern-contaminated and noncontaminated pastures at 3-week intervals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method has been identified as an effective way to control bracken fern populations with low or no ptaquiloside content?

<p>More work is needed to identify these populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective initial treatment for all species affected by bracken fern poisoning?

<p>Discontinuing exposure to bracken fern (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does equine bracken staggers characterize?

<p>Anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, and a crouching stance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of enzootic hematuria in affected cattle?

<p>Ptaquiloside, a norsesquiterpene glucoside (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of bright blindness caused by ptaquiloside toxicity?

<p>Blindness and tapetal hyperreflectivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of bracken fern and ptaquiloside on bone marrow stem cells?

<p>Depletion of bone marrow megakaryocytes followed by leukocytic hypoplasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic postmortem finding in animals affected by bracken fern toxicity?

<p>Necrotic and hemorrhagic ulcers in the GI tract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin, along with ptaquiloside, is potentially carcinogenic and associated with bracken fern poisoning?

<p>Quercetin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential long-term consequence of lower doses of bracken fern over a longer duration?

<p>Carcinogenic effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic effect on the leukogram during the initial phase of bracken fern poisoning?

<p>Monocytosis followed by granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been suggested to promote or enhance ptaquiloside neoplastic transformation?

<p>Bovine papillomavirus infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been confirmed as being affected by the carcinogenic potential of bracken fern and ptaquiloside?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a less common presentation of ptaquiloside toxicity?

<p>Bright blindness with tapetal hyperreflectivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of bright blindness caused by ptaquiloside toxicity?

<p>Blindness and tapetal hyperreflectivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common postmortem finding in animals affected by bracken fern toxicity?

<p>Necrotic and hemorrhagic ulcers in the GI tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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