Bracken Fern Poisoning in Animals
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method by which bracken fern spreads?

  • Through animal ingestion and excretion
  • Through wind-dispersed spores
  • Through dense rhizome networks (correct)
  • Through underground tubers

    • In which type of environment is bracken fern most commonly found?

  • Desert regions with high temperatures
  • High-altitude mountain regions
  • Semi-shaded, well-drained, open woodlands (correct)
  • Submerged aquatic environments

    • Which animal is primarily affected by enzootic hematuria, the most common form of bracken fern poisoning?

  • Cattle (correct)
  • Goats
  • Pigs
  • Rabbits

    • What is the primary cause of anemia in animals affected by bracken fern poisoning?

    <p>Prolonged ingestion of bracken fern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested initial dosage of thiamine solution for the treatment of bracken fern-induced thiamine deficiency in horses?

    <p>5 mg/kg IM every 3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional treatment is recommended for animals similarly exposed to bracken fern but not yet showing signs of thiamine deficiency?

    <p>Antibiotics to prevent secondary infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of treatment may be considered for cattle suffering from bracken fern-induced thiamine deficiency that requires large volumes to effectively treat?

    <p>2-4 L blood transfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animal is most likely to develop anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, and a crouching stance as a result of bracken fern poisoning?

    <p>Horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic stance of horses affected by equine bracken staggers?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary compound responsible for bracken fern poisoning?

    <p>Ptaquiloside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best prognostic indicator for poisoned animals?

    <p>Platelet count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method recommended for controlling bracken fern growth?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of poisoning in pigs?

    <p>Anorexia and weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is thiamine deficiency generally not a problem in ruminants?

    <p>Because it is synthesized in the rumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the association between consumption of milk from cattle with access to bracken fern and human health risk?

    <p>Increased risk of human esophageal or gastric cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action can minimize poisoning in animals according to initial epidemiologic studies?

    <p>Alternating bracken fern-contaminated and noncontaminated pastures at 3-week intervals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method has been identified as an effective way to control bracken fern populations with low or no ptaquiloside content?

    <p>More work is needed to identify these populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective initial treatment for all species affected by bracken fern poisoning?

    <p>Discontinuing exposure to bracken fern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does equine bracken staggers characterize?

    <p>Anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, and a crouching stance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of enzootic hematuria in affected cattle?

    <p>Ptaquiloside, a norsesquiterpene glucoside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic clinical presentation of bright blindness caused by ptaquiloside toxicity?

    <p>Blindness and tapetal hyperreflectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of bracken fern and ptaquiloside on bone marrow stem cells?

    <p>Depletion of bone marrow megakaryocytes followed by leukocytic hypoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic postmortem finding in animals affected by bracken fern toxicity?

    <p>Necrotic and hemorrhagic ulcers in the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin, along with ptaquiloside, is potentially carcinogenic and associated with bracken fern poisoning?

    <p>Quercetin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential long-term consequence of lower doses of bracken fern over a longer duration?

    <p>Carcinogenic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic effect on the leukogram during the initial phase of bracken fern poisoning?

    <p>Monocytosis followed by granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been suggested to promote or enhance ptaquiloside neoplastic transformation?

    <p>Bovine papillomavirus infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been confirmed as being affected by the carcinogenic potential of bracken fern and ptaquiloside?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a less common presentation of ptaquiloside toxicity?

    <p>Bright blindness with tapetal hyperreflectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic clinical presentation of bright blindness caused by ptaquiloside toxicity?

    <p>Blindness and tapetal hyperreflectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common postmortem finding in animals affected by bracken fern toxicity?

    <p>Necrotic and hemorrhagic ulcers in the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

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