Bracken Fern Poisoning in Animals

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What is the primary method by which bracken fern spreads?

Through animal ingestion and excretion

Through wind-dispersed spores

Through dense rhizome networks (correct)

Through underground tubers

In which type of environment is bracken fern most commonly found?

Desert regions with high temperatures

High-altitude mountain regions

Semi-shaded, well-drained, open woodlands (correct)

Submerged aquatic environments

Which animal is primarily affected by enzootic hematuria, the most common form of bracken fern poisoning?

Cattle (correct)

Goats

Pigs

Rabbits

What is the primary cause of anemia in animals affected by bracken fern poisoning?

Prolonged ingestion of bracken fern Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested initial dosage of thiamine solution for the treatment of bracken fern-induced thiamine deficiency in horses?

5 mg/kg IM every 3 hours Signup and view all the answers

What additional treatment is recommended for animals similarly exposed to bracken fern but not yet showing signs of thiamine deficiency?

Antibiotics to prevent secondary infections Signup and view all the answers

What type of treatment may be considered for cattle suffering from bracken fern-induced thiamine deficiency that requires large volumes to effectively treat?

2-4 L blood transfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which animal is most likely to develop anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, and a crouching stance as a result of bracken fern poisoning?

Horses Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic stance of horses affected by equine bracken staggers?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary compound responsible for bracken fern poisoning?

Ptaquiloside Signup and view all the answers

What is the best prognostic indicator for poisoned animals?

Platelet count Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method recommended for controlling bracken fern growth?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of poisoning in pigs?

Anorexia and weight loss Signup and view all the answers

Why is thiamine deficiency generally not a problem in ruminants?

Because it is synthesized in the rumen Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between consumption of milk from cattle with access to bracken fern and human health risk?

Increased risk of human esophageal or gastric cancer Signup and view all the answers

What action can minimize poisoning in animals according to initial epidemiologic studies?

Alternating bracken fern-contaminated and noncontaminated pastures at 3-week intervals Signup and view all the answers

What method has been identified as an effective way to control bracken fern populations with low or no ptaquiloside content?

More work is needed to identify these populations Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective initial treatment for all species affected by bracken fern poisoning?

Discontinuing exposure to bracken fern Signup and view all the answers

What does equine bracken staggers characterize?

Anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, and a crouching stance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of enzootic hematuria in affected cattle?

Ptaquiloside, a norsesquiterpene glucoside Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of bright blindness caused by ptaquiloside toxicity?

Blindness and tapetal hyperreflectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of bracken fern and ptaquiloside on bone marrow stem cells?

Depletion of bone marrow megakaryocytes followed by leukocytic hypoplasia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic postmortem finding in animals affected by bracken fern toxicity?

Necrotic and hemorrhagic ulcers in the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin, along with ptaquiloside, is potentially carcinogenic and associated with bracken fern poisoning?

Quercetin Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential long-term consequence of lower doses of bracken fern over a longer duration?

Carcinogenic effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic effect on the leukogram during the initial phase of bracken fern poisoning?

Monocytosis followed by granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia Signup and view all the answers

What has been suggested to promote or enhance ptaquiloside neoplastic transformation?

Bovine papillomavirus infection Signup and view all the answers

What has been confirmed as being affected by the carcinogenic potential of bracken fern and ptaquiloside?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a less common presentation of ptaquiloside toxicity?

Bright blindness with tapetal hyperreflectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of bright blindness caused by ptaquiloside toxicity?

Blindness and tapetal hyperreflectivity Signup and view all the answers

What is a common postmortem finding in animals affected by bracken fern toxicity?

Necrotic and hemorrhagic ulcers in the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

Bracken Fern Poisoning in Animals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method by which bracken fern spreads?

In which type of environment is bracken fern most commonly found?

Which animal is primarily affected by enzootic hematuria, the most common form of bracken fern poisoning?

What is the primary cause of anemia in animals affected by bracken fern poisoning?

What is the suggested initial dosage of thiamine solution for the treatment of bracken fern-induced thiamine deficiency in horses?

What additional treatment is recommended for animals similarly exposed to bracken fern but not yet showing signs of thiamine deficiency?

What type of treatment may be considered for cattle suffering from bracken fern-induced thiamine deficiency that requires large volumes to effectively treat?

Which animal is most likely to develop anorexia, weight loss, incoordination, and a crouching stance as a result of bracken fern poisoning?

What is the characteristic stance of horses affected by equine bracken staggers?

What is the primary compound responsible for bracken fern poisoning?

What is the best prognostic indicator for poisoned animals?

What is the main method recommended for controlling bracken fern growth?

What is the characteristic symptom of poisoning in pigs?

Why is thiamine deficiency generally not a problem in ruminants?

What is the association between consumption of milk from cattle with access to bracken fern and human health risk?

What action can minimize poisoning in animals according to initial epidemiologic studies?

What method has been identified as an effective way to control bracken fern populations with low or no ptaquiloside content?

What is the most effective initial treatment for all species affected by bracken fern poisoning?

What does equine bracken staggers characterize?

What is the primary cause of enzootic hematuria in affected cattle?

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of bright blindness caused by ptaquiloside toxicity?

What is the impact of bracken fern and ptaquiloside on bone marrow stem cells?

What is a characteristic postmortem finding in animals affected by bracken fern toxicity?

Which toxin, along with ptaquiloside, is potentially carcinogenic and associated with bracken fern poisoning?

What is a potential long-term consequence of lower doses of bracken fern over a longer duration?

What is the characteristic effect on the leukogram during the initial phase of bracken fern poisoning?

What has been suggested to promote or enhance ptaquiloside neoplastic transformation?

What has been confirmed as being affected by the carcinogenic potential of bracken fern and ptaquiloside?

What is a less common presentation of ptaquiloside toxicity?

What is the characteristic clinical presentation of bright blindness caused by ptaquiloside toxicity?

What is a common postmortem finding in animals affected by bracken fern toxicity?

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