Periodontal Disease: Secondary Local Factors

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of deeper grooves in lateral incisors?

Worsening prognosis (correct)

Increased enamel strength

Improved dental health outcomes

Reduced risk of tooth decay

Which of the following is NOT a type of malpositioned teeth issue?

Rotational alignment

Palatal grooves (correct)

Traumatic overbite

Crowding

Which anomaly is commonly associated with molars?

Lateral incisor grooving

Root concavities

Enamel pearls (correct)

Prognostic grooves

What is a common result of poor contact points in teeth?

Increased space for plaque accumulation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about incomplete lip seal and mouth breathing is true?

It can negatively impact oral health Signup and view all the answers

What is a secondary local factor in periodontal disease?

A condition increasing the risk of plaque accumulation Signup and view all the answers

How do local factors exacerbate periodontal disease?

They provide areas for plaque retention that are hard to clean Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a naturally occurring local factor associated with periodontal disease?

Dental calculus Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes iatrogenic local factors from other types of local factors?

They are intentionally created by a dental professional Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors can impede oral hygiene efforts by the patient?

The presence of dental calculus Signup and view all the answers

Which local factor is a result of disease or trauma?

Bone loss due to periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

What effect can toxic substances from dental calculus have over time?

They leach out and potentially harm oral tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of a dental hygienist/dental therapist concerning secondary local factors?

They help eliminate or modify these factors to improve oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What can oral piercings potentially exacerbate in a patient?

Periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

What are iatrogenic factors in dentistry?

Diseases or damage caused by treatment performed by a clinician Signup and view all the answers

Where is plaque likely to accumulate when using partial dentures?

At the gingival margins covered by the denture Signup and view all the answers

What might be a significant role of a clinician in managing patients with dental restorations?

To tailor oral hygiene advice specific to the patient’s needs Signup and view all the answers

What type of restoration can harbor plaque due to its design?

Dentures with extensive coverage Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to carious lesions and resorption cavities?

Over meticulous cleaning Signup and view all the answers

How can oral jewelry impact oral health?

It may increase the risk of infection and irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of previous periodontitis on oral health?

Increased susceptibility to further periodontal issues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dental restoration is commonly known for its aesthetic properties?

Composite Signup and view all the answers

What is one key factor to consider during a patient's first dental appointment?

Assessing and recognizing the patient's dental needs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bridge is explicitly designed to bond to existing teeth without preparation?

Adhesive Bridge Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary responsibility of dental therapists during patient care?

Managing optimal plaque control Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods can be used to assess periodontal disease through the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE)?

Using the periodontal probe Signup and view all the answers

Which dental restoration material is typically used in areas requiring high strength, such as posterior teeth?

Amalgam Signup and view all the answers

What might be a secondary local factor affecting oral health that a dental hygienist needs to address?

Orthodontic appliances Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to eliminate or modify secondary local factors in dental care?

To promote optimal plaque control and prevent further diseases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Secondary Local Factors in Periodontal Disease

Secondary local factors in periodontal disease increase the risk of disease by providing areas for microorganism colonization through plaque retention.
This makes it difficult for patients to achieve optimal plaque control and exacerbates periodontal disease.
Naturally occurring (developmental) local factors:
- Dental calculus is a hard deposit that provides a large irregular surface for microorganism growth, hampers oral hygiene, and releases toxic substances.
  - Supragingival calculus forms above the gum line, and Subgingival calculus forms below the gum line. Calculus can also form on other surfaces such as dentures, crowns, and implants.
- Tooth anomalies
  - Root grooves/concavities are often found on upper lateral incisors and create areas difficult to clean. The deeper the groove and the further apically it extends, the worse the prognosis.
  - Malpositioned teeth can cause crowding, over-eruption, poor contact points, poor positioning in the arch, tilting, rotation, impacted teeth, and traumatic overbite.
- Enamel pearls are small, round deposits of enamel found on the roots of teeth, usually associated with furcations.
- Incomplete lip seal and mouth breathing reduces the amount of saliva that washes away plaque.
Local factors occurring through disease or trauma:
- Carious lesions and resorption cavities create irregularities in the tooth surface that make it difficult to clean and can trap plaque.
- Previous periodontitis and gingival recession create areas of exposed root surface that are susceptible to plaque accumulation.
Iatrogenic local factors are caused by dental treatment or procedures.
- Dentures, particularly acrylic types with substantial coverage of the gingival margins, can trap plaque and create areas difficult to clean.
- Dental restorations (amalgam/composite/GI/crowns) can have margins that trap plaque and create areas difficult to clean.
- Bridges, both conventional and adhesive, can create areas where plaque builds up.
- Orthodontic appliances can trap plaque and create an environment that encourages the growth of bacteria.
- Implants, if not properly maintained, can become colonized by plaque and develop peri-implantitis.
The role of the dental therapist and dental hygienist:
- Efficient assessment and recognition of secondary local factors is crucial.
- Eliminate or modify secondary local factors by providing patients with effective oral hygiene instruction.
- Help patients manage optimal plaque control by tailoring oral hygiene instructions, demonstrating proper techniques, and providing relevant tools, such as disclosing tablets and interdental brushes.
If the local factor cannot be eliminated, the hygienist/therapist should be able to modify it to reduce plaque accumulation.

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Description

Explore the secondary local factors that contribute to periodontal disease. This quiz covers dental calculus, tooth anomalies, and their impact on plaque control and disease exacerbation. Test your knowledge on how these factors create challenges in maintaining oral hygiene.