Dental Hygiene: Calculus and Periodontal Disease
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Questions and Answers

What primarily contributes to the growth of subgingival calculus?

  • Crevicular fluid and saliva (correct)
  • Saliva and plasma proteins
  • Dental plaque only
  • Saliva only

What percentage of dental calculus is typically made up of inorganic material?

  • 40-60%
  • 10-30%
  • 70-90% (correct)
  • 90-100%

Which of the following is a key organic component of dental calculus?

  • Calcium phosphate
  • Hydroxyapatite
  • Mucin (correct)
  • Calcium carbonate

Which mechanism does NOT contribute to the attachment of calculus to a tooth surface?

<p>Attachment to blood clots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of minerals for supragingival calculus formation?

<p>Saliva (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the composition of dental calculus?

<p>Organic and inorganic substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From what does supra and subgingival calculus primarily derive their minerals?

<p>From saliva and crevicular fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inorganic substance contributes to the hardness of dental calculus?

<p>Hydroxyapatite (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of calculus in periodontal disease?

<p>Calculus allows bacteria to thrive by providing a stable surface. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the formation of dental calculus?

<p>It occurs when plaque is not removed and mineralizes over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might Kate be more prone to calculus formation in specific areas of her mouth?

<p>Certain areas are near salivary glands and may trap more food particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for detecting calculus?

<p>Observation through tooth sensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between bacteria and calculus in the context of oral hygiene?

<p>Bacteria thrive in the environment created by calculus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for individuals with prosthetic appliances to attend dental hygiene appointments regularly?

<p>Plaque and calculus can build up on these appliances without regular maintenance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dental calculus is true?

<p>It can form regardless of oral hygiene practices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of calculus on gum health?

<p>It creates a rough environment that irritates the gums. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

How does calculus contribute to periodontal disease?

The rough surface of calculus provides a haven for bacteria to thrive, leading to gum inflammation (gingivitis) and ultimately, periodontal disease.

What is dental calculus?

Dental calculus is formed when plaque, the sticky film on teeth, hardens due to mineral deposits from saliva.

Does calculus directly cause periodontal disease?

Calculus does not directly cause periodontal disease, but it provides a surface for bacteria to grow and irritate the gums, indirectly contributing to the disease's development.

Why does calculus form more commonly near salivary glands?

The areas around salivary glands are prone to calculus formation because saliva contains minerals that contribute to its development.

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Why are regular dental hygiene appointments important for patients with prosthetic appliances?

Dental hygiene appointments are crucial for removing plaque and calculus buildup on prosthetic appliances to prevent complications.

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How is calculus detected?

Visual examination, probing, and radiographs are methods used to detect dental calculus.

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Is a high calcium diet a major factor in calculus formation?

Calculus is not primarily caused by a high calcium diet but can be exacerbated by poor oral hygiene and predisposing factors.

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Why are certain areas of the mouth more prone to calculus formation?

Areas like the lower anterior linguals and upper buccal molars are more susceptible to calculus formation due to their proximity to salivary glands.

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Supragingival Calculus Minerals

Supragingival calculus forms above the gumline, deriving its minerals primarily from saliva.

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Subgingival Calculus Minerals

Subgingival calculus forms below the gumline and gets its minerals mainly from crevicular fluid and saliva.

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Dental Calculus Composition

Dental calculus is made up of inorganic minerals (mainly calcium, phosphate, and carbonates) and organic substances like debris and bacteria.

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Inorganic Content in Calculus

The inorganic components of dental calculus, such as calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and hydroxyapatite crystals, make up approximately 70-90% of its composition.

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Organic Content in Calculus

Organic materials, including bacterial cells, epithelial cells, and mucins, constitute the remaining 10-30% of dental calculus.

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Calculus Attachment Mechanisms

Pellicle formation, attachment to blood clots, irregularities on the tooth surface, and direct contact between the calcified component and the tooth surface are all mechanisms by which calculus can adhere to a tooth surface.

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Calculus on Prosthetic Appliances

Prosthetic appliances tend to have a slower rate of plaque and calculus buildup compared to natural teeth.

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Prosthetic Appliance Self-Care

Individuals with prosthetic appliances can generally maintain good oral hygiene with over-the-counter tools and self-care plans.

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Study Notes

Calculus as a Risk Factor

  • Calculus is a secondary factor in periodontal disease; it does not directly cause it.
  • Calculus is mineralized plaque.
  • The rough surface of calculus provides a stable environment for plaque build-up and harmful bacteria.
  • Bacteria in plaque cause inflammation and gingivitis, leading to periodontal disease.
  • Calculus irritates gums and makes oral hygiene difficult.

Calculus Formation

  • Plaque accumulates on teeth; if not removed, it mineralizes into calculus.
  • Mineralization is a process of hardening.
  • Calculus forms above the gumline (supragingival) and below the gumline (subgingival).
  • Supra gingival calculus primarily forms from saliva.
  • Subgingival calculus primarily forms from crevicular fluid and saliva.

Calculus Composition

  • Calculus is mostly inorganic (70-90%), including calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and hydroxyapatite.
  • Calculus also contains organic matter, such as cellular debris, bacteria, and mucin.
  • The inorganic content contributes to calculus hardness; the organic components contribute to its overall structure.

Calculus Detection and Management

  • Probing and asking the patient can detect calculus.
  • Dental patients who have just received implants or crowns may need to attend regular dental appointments to manage calculus.
  • Patients can manage plaque to prevent calculus buildup.
  • Avoiding high calcium diets is not a proven method to prevent calculus.

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Description

This quiz explores the role of calculus in periodontal disease, highlighting its formation, composition, and impact on oral health. Understand how mineralized plaque contributes to inflammation and the challenges it poses for maintaining good oral hygiene.

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