Dental Plaque and Calculus Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which substance makes up 75-80% of the extracellular matrix of dental plaque?

  • Lipids
  • Protein
  • Carbohydrates
  • Calcium phosphate (correct)

    • What is the composition of Supragingival Calculus?

  • Primarily inorganic components (correct)
  • Primarily organic components
  • Equal parts organic and inorganic components
  • No organic or inorganic components

    • What is the primary cause of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and periimplant infections?

  • Stains
  • Dental Plaque (correct)
  • Calculus
  • Materia Alba

    • What is the color of dental plaque as described in the text?

    <p>Yellow greyish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of Materia Alba?

    <p>Dead epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between external and intrinsic stains?

    <p>Location of staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of Subgingival Calculus?

    <p>Calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Biofilm as described in the text?

    <p>Enclosed in primarily extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main organic content of Dental Plaque (Biofilm)?

    <p>Microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix of Dental Plaque?

    <p>Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial adhesion process is reversible and involves weak interactions with the tooth surface?

    <p>Adsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of dental calculus composition?

    <p>Calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does the establishment of a stable biofilm composition occur?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shape is not a structural trait of bacteria?

    <p>Square</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of obligate anaerobes to oxygen?

    <p>They are inhibited by oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process in the growth stages of dental calculus?

    <p>Brucite formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological trait used to classify bacteria based on oxygen requirements?

    <p>Response to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of bacterial plaque formation involves the synthesis of biofilm matrix?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the organic content in dental calculus composition?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process in the conditioning film formation stage of bacterial plaque formation?

    <p>Protein adsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature is NOT associated with dental plaque induced gingivitis?

    <p>Radiographic evidence of bone loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study demonstrated that gross accumulation of plaque leads to marginal gingivitis in all subjects within 10 to 21 days?

    <p>Loe et al (1965)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of host modulation therapy in managing chronic periodontitis?

    <p>Suppressing the inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotics have shown significant reduction in probing depth and bleeding on probing when used adjunctively with scaling and root planing (SRP)?

    <p>Systemic antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for preventing and treating periodontal diseases due to its association with oral biofilms?

    <p>Supra- and subgingival calculus removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the efficacy of treatment assessed biologically?

    <p>By determining alterations in microflora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) in managing chronic periodontitis?

    <p>Blocking matrix metalloproteinases involved in tissue destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of systemic antibiotics like amoxicillin and metronidazole in treating aggressive periodontitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis?

    <p>To enhance the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for eliminating oral cavity biofilms and treating gingivitis?

    <p>Mechanical removal of biofilms through prophylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for preventing and treating periodontal diseases due to its association with oral biofilms?

    <p>Supra- and subgingival calculus removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between dental plaque and materia alba?

    <p>Dental plaque is closely adhered to tooth surfaces, while materia alba is loosely attached and easily displaced by water spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of intrinsic stains on teeth?

    <p>Tetracycline medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the inorganic content of dental plaque (biofilm)?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for evaluating subgingival calculus?

    <p>Tactile examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organic content of dental plaque (biofilm)?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of supragingival calculus?

    <p>At or above the gingival margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix of dental plaque (biofilm)?

    <p>Inorganic content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of materia alba?

    <p>Dead epithelial cells, leukocytes, and microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for removing external stains on teeth?

    <p>External cleaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary hypothesis regarding the composition of dental plaque (biofilm)?

    <p>Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is not a part of the composition of dental calculus?

    <p>Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does the establishment of a stable biofilm composition occur?

    <p>Maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of obligate anaerobes to oxygen?

    <p>They are inhibited by oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological trait used to classify bacteria based on oxygen requirements?

    <p>Response to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which shape is not a structural trait of bacteria?

    <p>Square</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implant infections?

    <p>Microbial plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of Materia Alba?

    <p>Food debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between external and intrinsic stains?

    <p>Source of staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for preventing and treating periodontal diseases due to its association with oral biofilms?

    <p>Oral hygiene practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotics have shown significant reduction in probing depth and bleeding on probing when used adjunctively with scaling and root planing (SRP)?

    <p>Tetracycline antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of mechanical removal of biofilms through prophylaxis, scaling and root planing (SRP), and pocket reduction surgery?

    <p>To eliminate oral cavity biofilms and treat gingivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of host modulation therapy in managing chronic periodontitis?

    <p>To suppress the inflammatory response by adjusting the host's response to microbial challenge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for preventing and treating periodontal diseases due to its association with oral biofilms?

    <p>Supra- and subgingival calculus removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of dental plaque induced gingivitis?

    <p>Inflammatory lesion resulting from interactions between dental plaque biofilm and the host's immune inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary physiological trait used to classify bacteria based on oxygen requirements?

    <p>Obligate anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the organic content in dental calculus composition?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) in managing chronic periodontitis?

    <p>Blocking matrix metalloproteinases involved in tissue destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process in the growth stages of dental calculus?

    <p>Mineralization of biofilm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical feature associated with dental plaque induced gingivitis?

    <p>Redness of gingival tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix of Dental Plaque?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microbial Plaque Formation and Dental Calculus Growth

    • Dental calculus composition: calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, organic content
    • Growth stages of dental calculus: brucite, octacalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, magnesium whitlockite
    • Bacterial plaque formation stages: conditioning film formation, bacterial adhesion, multiplication, maturation, detachment
    • Conditioning film formation process and detection time
    • Processes of reversible and irreversible bacterial adhesion to tooth surface
    • Growth of attached bacterial cells and biofilm matrix synthesis
    • Maturation stage and establishment of a stable biofilm composition
    • Detachment stage and response of bacteria to environmental changes
    • Structural traits of bacteria: arrangements (paired, grapelike cluster, chains) and shapes (round, rod, spiral)
    • Physiological traits of bacteria: response to oxygen and enzyme systems for O2 neutralization
    • Classification of bacteria based on O2 requirements: obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, microaerophiles
    • Microbial growth distribution on tooth surfaces and interdental areas

    Dental Plaque Induced Gingivitis and Treatment

    • Dental plaque induced gingivitis is defined as an inflammatory lesion resulting from interactions between dental plaque biofilm and the host's immune inflammatory response, contained within the gingiva and reversible by reducing plaque levels at and apical to the gingival margin.
    • Clinical features of dental plaque induced gingivitis include redness of gingival tissue, bleeding on probing, changes in contour, and the presence of calculus or plaque without radiographic evidence of bone loss, with inflammation being reversible by removing or disrupting the biofilm.
    • Experimental gingivitis studies, such as Loe et al (1965), have shown that gross accumulation of plaque leads to marginal gingivitis in all subjects within 10 to 21 days, with inflammation subsiding within a week of adequate oral hygiene resumption.
    • The gingival index, as defined by Loe (1967), categorizes gingival health into grades 0 to 3 based on the presence and severity of inflammation, redness, edema, and bleeding on probing.
    • Mechanical removal of biofilms through prophylaxis, scaling and root planing (SRP), and pocket reduction surgery is essential for eliminating oral cavity biofilms and treating gingivitis.
    • Supra- and subgingival calculus removal is crucial for preventing and treating periodontal diseases due to its association with oral biofilms, often performed using hand instruments, ultrasonic scalers, and ER:YAG lasers.
    • Systemic antibiotics, like amoxicillin and metronidazole, are effective in treating aggressive periodontitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis when used adjunctively with SRP, while locally delivered antibiotics, such as Actisite and Atridox, have shown significant reduction in probing depth, bleeding on probing, and improvement in clinical attachment level.
    • Host modulation therapy aims to suppress the inflammatory response by adjusting the host's response to microbial challenge, with subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) showing significant benefits in managing chronic periodontitis by blocking matrix metalloproteinases involved in tissue destruction.
    • The efficacy of treatment is assessed biologically by determining alterations in microflora and resolution of the host inflammatory response, and clinically by measuring reductions in probing depth, clinical attachment level gain, bleeding on probing, prevention of tooth loss, and patient compliance.

    Dental Plaque Induced Gingivitis and Treatment

    • Dental plaque induced gingivitis is defined as an inflammatory lesion resulting from interactions between dental plaque biofilm and the host's immune inflammatory response, contained within the gingiva and reversible by reducing plaque levels at and apical to the gingival margin.
    • Clinical features of dental plaque induced gingivitis include redness of gingival tissue, bleeding on probing, changes in contour, and the presence of calculus or plaque without radiographic evidence of bone loss, with inflammation being reversible by removing or disrupting the biofilm.
    • Experimental gingivitis studies, such as Loe et al (1965), have shown that gross accumulation of plaque leads to marginal gingivitis in all subjects within 10 to 21 days, with inflammation subsiding within a week of adequate oral hygiene resumption.
    • The gingival index, as defined by Loe (1967), categorizes gingival health into grades 0 to 3 based on the presence and severity of inflammation, redness, edema, and bleeding on probing.
    • Mechanical removal of biofilms through prophylaxis, scaling and root planing (SRP), and pocket reduction surgery is essential for eliminating oral cavity biofilms and treating gingivitis.
    • Supra- and subgingival calculus removal is crucial for preventing and treating periodontal diseases due to its association with oral biofilms, often performed using hand instruments, ultrasonic scalers, and ER:YAG lasers.
    • Systemic antibiotics, like amoxicillin and metronidazole, are effective in treating aggressive periodontitis and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis when used adjunctively with SRP, while locally delivered antibiotics, such as Actisite and Atridox, have shown significant reduction in probing depth, bleeding on probing, and improvement in clinical attachment level.
    • Host modulation therapy aims to suppress the inflammatory response by adjusting the host's response to microbial challenge, with subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) showing significant benefits in managing chronic periodontitis by blocking matrix metalloproteinases involved in tissue destruction.
    • The efficacy of treatment is assessed biologically by determining alterations in microflora and resolution of the host inflammatory response, and clinically by measuring reductions in probing depth, clinical attachment level gain, bleeding on probing, prevention of tooth loss, and patient compliance.

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