Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which grade of furcation involvement is indicated by a probe that can partially enter the furcation but not pass through?
What distinguishes Grade 3 furcation involvement from Grade 2?
In which scenario is root caries likely to become an issue?
Which grade of mobility indicates slight displacement up to 1mm in a facial-lingual direction?
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What can make access to furcations more challenging in certain teeth?
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What should be avoided to get an accurate reading of tooth mobility?
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Which anatomical feature is a factor that affects the visibility of furcation on radiographs in upper molars?
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Which class of mobility indicates severe mobility combined with vertical displacement?
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What is the typical appearance of roots in teeth that have kidney bean shaped roots?
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What is the key characteristic of Grade 4 furcation involvement compared to Grade 3?
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What is the term used to describe the involvement of bone destruction in the area between two roots of a multi-rooted tooth?
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Which of the following accurately describes the Nabers probe?
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What is indicated by a grade 1 furcation involvement?
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What does the first black band of the Nabers probe indicate?
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Why are radiographs not always reliable for diagnosing furcation involvement?
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What morphological feature is specifically associated with multi-rooted teeth?
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According to the mobility index described by Miller in 1950, what does a score indicating slight mobility represent?
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What characteristic rendering furcation areas difficult to clean primarily leads to their importance in periodontal assessments?
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What type of tooth structure presents difficulties when using a standard probe?
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Which of the following describes a common challenge encountered when undertaking a furcation index assessment?
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Study Notes
Periodontal Assessments Part 2
- Intended learning outcomes include defining furcation involvement, revising the morphology of multiple-rooted teeth, identifying and describing the Nabers probe, describing the grades of furcations (Glickman 1953), identifying challenges in undertaking a furcation index, and describing the mobility index (Miller 1950).
Furcation Involvement
- Progression of periodontitis around multi-rooted teeth can destroy bone in the furcation area.
- Identifying and measuring furcation involvement is crucial for monitoring bone loss, which can lead to issues such as visually identifying, radiographic assessment, and measurement of furcation grade.
Furcation Index (Glickman 1953)
- Description of the furcation index is included in the materials.
Measuring Furcations
- Assessment is done by looking from the apices of teeth.
- Different entry points for assessing furcations are present.
- Nabers probes are used to measure furcations (specifically, the probing depth).
Nabers Probe
- Similar to a periodontal probe (BPE probe).
- Has two distinct black bands for probing different regions of the tooth, the first at 3-6 mm and second at 9-12 mm.
- It's pig-tail shape allows it to wrap around teeth roots for access.
Grade 1 Furcation
- The concavity just above the furcation entrance is detectable with the probe tip.
- The furcation probe cannot enter the area.
- This grade is sometimes not evident on radiographs.
Grade 2 Furcation
- Probe can partially enter, approximately ⅓ width of the tooth.
- Probe can't completely pass through the furcation area.
- This furcation is usually visible on radiographs.
Grade 3 Furcation
- In lower molars, probe completely passes between mesial and distal roots.
- In upper molars, probe passes between mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots and touches the palatal root.
- This grade is often visible on radiographs.
Grade 4 Furcation
- Same as grade 3, but the furcation entrance is visible clinically.
- Recession of tissue due to extensive disease often leads to this.
Comparing Furcation Grades
- Visual examples of grades I, II, and III furcations are provided.
Access for Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth
- Methods for using Nabers probe across different tooth types (maxillary and mandibular) are detailed. Images are included.
Mobility Index Challenges
- Variations in tooth morphology, such as fused roots, present challenges in accessing furcations.
Mobility Index (Miller 1950)
- Classification of tooth mobility (Class 0-severe) based on horizontal and vertical movement.
- Specific guidelines on how to measure mobility are included.
Assessing Tooth Mobility
- The 2-directions of tooth mobility (horizontal and vertical) are illustrated.
- Steps to assess horizontal and vertical tooth mobility are described.
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Description
Explore the critical aspects of periodontal assessments focusing on furcation involvement and measurement techniques. This quiz covers the morphology of multi-rooted teeth, the significance of the Nabers probe, and methodologies to classify furcation grades. Strengthen your understanding of periodontitis progression around these teeth and the metrics for effective evaluation.
