Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is furcation involvement related to in the context of periodontal assessments?
What is furcation involvement related to in the context of periodontal assessments?
- The presence of single-rooted teeth
- Only plaque retention without inflammation
- Normal bone levels around bifurcation
- Destruction of bone in the furcation area of multi-rooted teeth (correct)
Which probe is primarily used to assess furcation involvement?
Which probe is primarily used to assess furcation involvement?
- Oral hygiene probe
- Probe 12-13
- Nabers probe (correct)
- BPE probe
What characteristic design features do Nabers probes have?
What characteristic design features do Nabers probes have?
- Flexible for easy bending
- Straight and pointed tip
- Pig-tail shape to access concavities (correct)
- Flat and wide blade
In the context of periodontal assessments, what does horizontal bone loss indicate?
In the context of periodontal assessments, what does horizontal bone loss indicate?
What grade of furcation is evident when the probe can feel the entrance, but cannot enter the furcation area?
What grade of furcation is evident when the probe can feel the entrance, but cannot enter the furcation area?
Which of the following is NOT a method for assessing furcation involvement?
Which of the following is NOT a method for assessing furcation involvement?
What is the primary challenge associated with the furcation index?
What is the primary challenge associated with the furcation index?
What is furcation classified as when there is significant loss of bone allowing probe entry?
What is furcation classified as when there is significant loss of bone allowing probe entry?
What is the range of the first black band on the Nabers probe?
What is the range of the first black band on the Nabers probe?
What anatomical feature is described by the term bifurcation?
What anatomical feature is described by the term bifurcation?
What is true about Grade 1 furcation?
What is true about Grade 1 furcation?
How far can a probe enter in Grade 2 furcation?
How far can a probe enter in Grade 2 furcation?
Which statement correctly describes a Grade 3 furcation?
Which statement correctly describes a Grade 3 furcation?
What distinguishes Grade 4 furcation from Grade 3 furcation?
What distinguishes Grade 4 furcation from Grade 3 furcation?
What challenge is faced when accessing furcations?
What challenge is faced when accessing furcations?
According to Miller's classification, what degree of mobility does Class 1 indicate?
According to Miller's classification, what degree of mobility does Class 1 indicate?
What defines Class 3 mobility in the mobility index?
What defines Class 3 mobility in the mobility index?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the Nabers probe?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of the Nabers probe?
What is a common issue observed in Grade 4 furcation?
What is a common issue observed in Grade 4 furcation?
What symptom indicates that a tooth has Class 0 mobility?
What symptom indicates that a tooth has Class 0 mobility?
Flashcards
Furcation Involvement
Furcation Involvement
Destruction of bone in the space between the roots of a multi-rooted tooth, often due to periodontal disease.
Bifurcation
Bifurcation
The area where two roots of a tooth come together.
Trifurcation
Trifurcation
The area where three roots of a tooth come together.
Nabers Probe
Nabers Probe
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Furcation Grade 1
Furcation Grade 1
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Furcation Index
Furcation Index
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Mobility Index (Miller)
Mobility Index (Miller)
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Periodontal Probe
Periodontal Probe
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Radiographs
Radiographs
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Glickman (1953)
Glickman (1953)
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Grade 1 Furcation
Grade 1 Furcation
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Grade 2 Furcation
Grade 2 Furcation
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Grade 3 Furcation
Grade 3 Furcation
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Grade 4 Furcation
Grade 4 Furcation
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Furcation Involvement
Furcation Involvement
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Mobility Index
Mobility Index
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Class 0 Mobility
Class 0 Mobility
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Class 1 Mobility
Class 1 Mobility
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Class 2 Mobility
Class 2 Mobility
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Class 3 Mobility
Class 3 Mobility
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Study Notes
Periodontal Assessments Part 2: Foundations in Clinical Skills and Practice
- Intended learning outcomes for the session include defining furcation involvement, revising morphology of multi-rooted teeth, identifying and describing the Nabers probe, describing the grades of furcations (Glickman 1953), and identifying challenges associated with undertaking a furcation index and mobility index (Miller 1950).
Furcation Involvement
- Progression of periodontitis can affect multi-rooted teeth, destroying bone in furcation area.
- Identifying and measuring furcation involvement is important for assessing bone loss, visually, and on radiographs.
- Bifurcation (2 roots) and trifurcation (3 roots) are terms describing the areas between multiple roots.
Furcation Index (Glickman 1953)
- The furcation index is a tool to grade the severity of bone loss in the furcation areas of multi-rooted teeth.
Nabers Probe
- Similar to a BPE probe.
- Has a distinctive pig-tail shape, which facilitates wrapping around bulbusities of the tooth to reach deeper into the furcations.
- The probe has two black bands.
- The first black band is 3-6mm in length,
- the second black band is 9-12mm in length.
Measuring Furcations
- Assess various points, from different entry points, when gauging the areas between the roots.
- Use Nabers probes.
Grade 1 Furcation
- Concavity just above the furcation entrance.
- The probe does not access into the furcation area.
- It is sometimes not visible on radiographs.
Grade 2 Furcation
- The probe can only partially extend into the furcation approximately â…“ of the tooth width.
- This grade of furcation is sometimes evident on radiographs.
Grade 3 Furcation
- The probe completely penetrates the furcation area in lower molars between mesial and distal roots. In upper molars, the probe goes through the mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots, and touches the palatal root.
- This grade of furcation is often evident in radiographs.
Grade 4 Furcation
- Similar to grade 3 except the furcation entrance is visible clinically due to tissue recession.
- Recession of gum tissue is a significant factor in this assessment.
Comparing Furcation Grades
- Radiographs can help compare and contrast furcation grades.
Mobility Index (Miller 1950)
- Categorizes tooth mobility into four classes.
- Class 0: little to no mobility (normal)
- Class 1: slight mobility (up to 1 mm horizontal displacement)
- Class 2: moderate mobility (over 1mm horizontal displacement)
- Class 3: severe mobility (over 1mm horizontal displacement and vertical displacement)
Challenges in Assessing Furcations
- Tooth morphology variations (e.g., fused roots) can make access difficult.
- Accessibility for different teeth types (maxillary/mandibular).
Accessibility for Different Tooth Types
- Maxillary teeth: probing from facial and lingual aspects.
- Mandibular teeth: probing from lingual aspect.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the foundations of periodontal assessments, particularly furcation involvement in multi-rooted teeth. It covers key concepts such as the Nabers probe, Glickman's furcation index, and the significance of measuring bone loss in periodontal disease. Test your understanding of these essential clinical skills.
