64 Questions
Which type of restriction enzyme is non-ATP-dependent and cuts within the recognition sequence?
Type II
What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?
To visualize different sized DNA fragments
What is the purpose of the multiple cloning site in an expression vector?
To insert DNA fragments with multiple recognition sites
Which technique is used to amplify specific DNA sequences in the laboratory?
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Which field of biotechnology focuses on the manipulation of microorganisms?
Microbial biotechnology
During which period did the manipulation of genetic material become prominent in biotechnology?
Modern (1945–present)
What is the main focus of agricultural biotechnology?
Manipulation of plants and animals
Which field of biotechnology involves the analysis of genomes using bioinformatics?
Genomics
What is the focus of pharmaceutical sciences in biotechnology?
Development of drugs using living organisms
Which approach is used to screen a greater number of strain variants in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution?
Unoptimized candidate strain is passaged until better-performing “evolved” strains are obtained
What is the purpose of protein engineering?
All of the above
Which technique allows screening of protein-protein binding interactions and enriching mutational variants?
All of the above
What is the purpose of directed evolution in the context of peptides and proteins?
To allow screening of a large mutational landscape and accumulate desired beneficial mutations
What is the purpose of non-natural amino acids in peptide/protein engineering?
All of the above
Which of the following is a downside of tag-and-modify peptide modification?
Stochastic/random modification without precision
What is the primary advantage of click reactions in peptide modification?
High yield and selectivity products
What is the purpose of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)?
To specifically target cancer cells
What is the main difference between biochemistry and chemical biology?
Biochemistry studies biomolecules in their natural biological context, while chemical biology introduces chemical alterations to create more biology
What is the future direction of biochemical engineering?
Engineering entire new cells
Which of the following is a characteristic of primary cell culture?
They have limited growth potential and eventually die
Which expression system is best for producing large proteins (>100kD)?
Mammalian cell line
What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?
They have lower culture costs
What is the purpose of cell culture transfection?
To analyze the effect of DNA on cell function
What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering allows for controlled transfer of genes
Which method of vaccine production involves making recombinant gene to produce recombinant protein as a vaccine?
Traditional method
Which type of vaccines allow transport through cell membranes and protect RNA from being broken down?
mRNA vaccines
Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus
What is the function of RNAi or post-translational gene silencing?
Produces siRNAs that silence complementary sequence
What is the main function of functional food?
To offer health benefits beyond nutritional value
Which field of biotechnology focuses on the manipulation of microorganisms?
Microbial
What is the main focus of agricultural biotechnology?
Biotechnology for plants/animals
What is the purpose of directed evolution in the context of peptides and proteins?
To modify peptides and proteins
What is the purpose of protein engineering?
To modify peptides and proteins
What is the focus of pharmaceutical sciences in biotechnology?
Drug development
Which technique is commonly used to isolate the fittest strain in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution?
Genome sequencing
Which field of biotechnology involves the modification of peptides and proteins for enhancement of existing or endowment of novel features?
Protein engineering
Which of the following is a purpose of sequence optimization in peptide engineering?
All of the above
Which technique allows screening of protein-protein binding interactions and enriching mutational variants?
All of the above
What is the purpose of introducing non-natural amino acids in peptide/protein engineering?
All of the above
Which type of enzyme is essential in cutting foreign DNA and cuts unmethylated DNA sequences that are palindromic in character along an approximately 6 bp recognition site?
Type II
What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?
To visualize differently sized DNA fragments
What is the purpose of the multiple cloning site in an expression vector?
To insert DNA fragments with multiple recognition sites
What is the primary advantage of recombinant insulin compared to insulin derived from pancreas glands of pigs?
Higher purity
What is the purpose of strain optimization in metabolic engineering?
To lessen the accumulation of toxic byproducts
Which method of vaccine production involves making recombinant gene to produce recombinant protein as a vaccine?
Traditional method
Which type of vaccines allow transport through cell membranes and protect RNA from being broken down?
mRNA vaccines
Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?
Mus musculus
What is the main function of functional food?
To prevent disease and promote health
What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?
To visualize DNA bands
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using bacterial expression systems for producing large proteins?
Bacterial expression systems have difficulty expressing large proteins
What is the main advantage of using viral expression systems for protein production?
Viral expression systems are optimal for bacterial cells
What is the purpose of click chemistry in peptide modification?
Click chemistry produces high yield and selectivity products
What is the main focus of chemical biology?
Chemical biology studies biomolecules by introducing chemical alterations
What is the main function of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)?
ADCs link cytotoxic drugs to antibodies for efficient killing of cancer cells
Which type of cell culture has a finite lifespan and closely represents tissue characteristics?
Primary cells
What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?
Higher growth potential
Which method is commonly used for transfection in cell culture?
All of the above
What is the main focus of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
Enhancing crop yield
What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?
Traditional breeding involves hybrid crosses, while genetic engineering involves inserting specific genes.
Which of the following is a characteristic of primary cell culture?
Primary cells have consistent characteristics with subsequent passage
What is the purpose of cell culture transfection?
To introduce foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells
What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?
Continuous cell lines have lower culture costs
What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?
Traditional breeding allows for uncontrolled transfer of genes
Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?
Animals
Test your knowledge on peptide modification techniques! Learn about the pros and cons of using tags for introducing modifications, the downside of introducing large artificial sequences, and the benefits of click reactions. Discover how click tags can provide high yield and selectivity in peptide modification.
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