Peptide Modification Techniques

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Which type of restriction enzyme is non-ATP-dependent and cuts within the recognition sequence?

Type IV

Type I

Type III

Type II (correct)

What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

To visualize different sized DNA fragments (correct)

To identify restriction enzymes

To clone DNA fragments

To cut foreign DNA

What is the purpose of the multiple cloning site in an expression vector?

To replicate the vector in the host cell

To insert DNA fragments with multiple recognition sites (correct)

To purify the recombinant protein

To induce expression of the target gene

Which technique is used to amplify specific DNA sequences in the laboratory?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Signup and view all the answers

Which field of biotechnology focuses on the manipulation of microorganisms?

Microbial biotechnology Signup and view all the answers

During which period did the manipulation of genetic material become prominent in biotechnology?

Modern (1945–present) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of agricultural biotechnology?

Manipulation of plants and animals Signup and view all the answers

Which field of biotechnology involves the analysis of genomes using bioinformatics?

Genomics Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of pharmaceutical sciences in biotechnology?

Development of drugs using living organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is used to screen a greater number of strain variants in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution?

Unoptimized candidate strain is passaged until better-performing “evolved” strains are obtained Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of protein engineering?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which technique allows screening of protein-protein binding interactions and enriching mutational variants?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of directed evolution in the context of peptides and proteins?

To allow screening of a large mutational landscape and accumulate desired beneficial mutations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of non-natural amino acids in peptide/protein engineering?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a downside of tag-and-modify peptide modification?

Stochastic/random modification without precision Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of click reactions in peptide modification?

High yield and selectivity products Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)?

To specifically target cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between biochemistry and chemical biology?

Biochemistry studies biomolecules in their natural biological context, while chemical biology introduces chemical alterations to create more biology Signup and view all the answers

What is the future direction of biochemical engineering?

Engineering entire new cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary cell culture?

They have limited growth potential and eventually die Signup and view all the answers

Which expression system is best for producing large proteins (>100kD)?

Mammalian cell line Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?

They have lower culture costs Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cell culture transfection?

To analyze the effect of DNA on cell function Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering allows for controlled transfer of genes Signup and view all the answers

Which method of vaccine production involves making recombinant gene to produce recombinant protein as a vaccine?

Traditional method Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccines allow transport through cell membranes and protect RNA from being broken down?

mRNA vaccines Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of RNAi or post-translational gene silencing?

Produces siRNAs that silence complementary sequence Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of functional food?

To offer health benefits beyond nutritional value Signup and view all the answers

Which field of biotechnology focuses on the manipulation of microorganisms?

Microbial Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of agricultural biotechnology?

Biotechnology for plants/animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of directed evolution in the context of peptides and proteins?

To modify peptides and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of protein engineering?

To modify peptides and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of pharmaceutical sciences in biotechnology?

Drug development Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is commonly used to isolate the fittest strain in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution?

Genome sequencing Signup and view all the answers

Which field of biotechnology involves the modification of peptides and proteins for enhancement of existing or endowment of novel features?

Protein engineering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a purpose of sequence optimization in peptide engineering?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which technique allows screening of protein-protein binding interactions and enriching mutational variants?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of introducing non-natural amino acids in peptide/protein engineering?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzyme is essential in cutting foreign DNA and cuts unmethylated DNA sequences that are palindromic in character along an approximately 6 bp recognition site?

Type II Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

To visualize differently sized DNA fragments Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the multiple cloning site in an expression vector?

To insert DNA fragments with multiple recognition sites Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of recombinant insulin compared to insulin derived from pancreas glands of pigs?

Higher purity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of strain optimization in metabolic engineering?

To lessen the accumulation of toxic byproducts Signup and view all the answers

Which method of vaccine production involves making recombinant gene to produce recombinant protein as a vaccine?

Traditional method Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vaccines allow transport through cell membranes and protect RNA from being broken down?

mRNA vaccines Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?

Mus musculus Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of functional food?

To prevent disease and promote health Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

To visualize DNA bands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using bacterial expression systems for producing large proteins?

Bacterial expression systems have difficulty expressing large proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using viral expression systems for protein production?

Viral expression systems are optimal for bacterial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of click chemistry in peptide modification?

Click chemistry produces high yield and selectivity products Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of chemical biology?

Chemical biology studies biomolecules by introducing chemical alterations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)?

ADCs link cytotoxic drugs to antibodies for efficient killing of cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell culture has a finite lifespan and closely represents tissue characteristics?

Primary cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?

Higher growth potential Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used for transfection in cell culture?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Enhancing crop yield Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?

Traditional breeding involves hybrid crosses, while genetic engineering involves inserting specific genes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary cell culture?

Primary cells have consistent characteristics with subsequent passage Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cell culture transfection?

To introduce foreign DNA into eukaryotic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?

Continuous cell lines have lower culture costs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?

Traditional breeding allows for uncontrolled transfer of genes Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?

Animals Signup and view all the answers

Peptide Modification Techniques

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Questions and Answers

Which type of restriction enzyme is non-ATP-dependent and cuts within the recognition sequence?

What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

What is the purpose of the multiple cloning site in an expression vector?

Which technique is used to amplify specific DNA sequences in the laboratory?

Which field of biotechnology focuses on the manipulation of microorganisms?

During which period did the manipulation of genetic material become prominent in biotechnology?

What is the main focus of agricultural biotechnology?

Which field of biotechnology involves the analysis of genomes using bioinformatics?

What is the focus of pharmaceutical sciences in biotechnology?

Which approach is used to screen a greater number of strain variants in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution?

What is the purpose of protein engineering?

Which technique allows screening of protein-protein binding interactions and enriching mutational variants?

What is the purpose of directed evolution in the context of peptides and proteins?

What is the purpose of non-natural amino acids in peptide/protein engineering?

Which of the following is a downside of tag-and-modify peptide modification?

What is the primary advantage of click reactions in peptide modification?

What is the purpose of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)?

What is the main difference between biochemistry and chemical biology?

What is the future direction of biochemical engineering?

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary cell culture?

Which expression system is best for producing large proteins (>100kD)?

What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?

What is the purpose of cell culture transfection?

What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?

Which method of vaccine production involves making recombinant gene to produce recombinant protein as a vaccine?

Which type of vaccines allow transport through cell membranes and protect RNA from being broken down?

Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?

What is the function of RNAi or post-translational gene silencing?

What is the main function of functional food?

Which field of biotechnology focuses on the manipulation of microorganisms?

What is the main focus of agricultural biotechnology?

What is the purpose of directed evolution in the context of peptides and proteins?

What is the purpose of protein engineering?

What is the focus of pharmaceutical sciences in biotechnology?

Which technique is commonly used to isolate the fittest strain in Adaptive Laboratory Evolution?

Which field of biotechnology involves the modification of peptides and proteins for enhancement of existing or endowment of novel features?

Which of the following is a purpose of sequence optimization in peptide engineering?

Which technique allows screening of protein-protein binding interactions and enriching mutational variants?

What is the purpose of introducing non-natural amino acids in peptide/protein engineering?

Which type of enzyme is essential in cutting foreign DNA and cuts unmethylated DNA sequences that are palindromic in character along an approximately 6 bp recognition site?

What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

What is the purpose of the multiple cloning site in an expression vector?

What is the primary advantage of recombinant insulin compared to insulin derived from pancreas glands of pigs?

What is the purpose of strain optimization in metabolic engineering?

Which method of vaccine production involves making recombinant gene to produce recombinant protein as a vaccine?

Which type of vaccines allow transport through cell membranes and protect RNA from being broken down?

Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?

What is the main function of functional food?

What is the purpose of agarose gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using bacterial expression systems for producing large proteins?

What is the main advantage of using viral expression systems for protein production?

What is the purpose of click chemistry in peptide modification?

What is the main focus of chemical biology?

What is the main function of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)?

Which type of cell culture has a finite lifespan and closely represents tissue characteristics?

What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?

Which method is commonly used for transfection in cell culture?

What is the main focus of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary cell culture?

What is the purpose of cell culture transfection?

What is the main advantage of using continuous cell lines for cell culture?

What is the main difference between traditional breeding and genetic engineering?

Which organisms are commonly used as eukaryotic model organisms for genome editing?

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