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Questions and Answers
Where does the synthesis of peptides and protein hormones occur?
Where does the synthesis of peptides and protein hormones occur?
- Lysosomes
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum (correct)
- Golgi apparatus
What is the function of the signal peptide in protein hormone synthesis?
What is the function of the signal peptide in protein hormone synthesis?
- To package the hormone in secretory vesicles
- To transport the hormone to the Golgi apparatus
- To direct the pre-pro hormone to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (correct)
- To cleave the prohormone into the final hormone
What happens to the prohormone in the Golgi apparatus?
What happens to the prohormone in the Golgi apparatus?
- Additional peptides are cleaved to produce the hormone (correct)
- It is transported back to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
- It is packaged into secretory vesicles
- It is synthesized into the pre-pro hormone
Why do water-soluble hormones require a second messenger to produce their actions?
Why do water-soluble hormones require a second messenger to produce their actions?
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What is the mechanism of hormone release from secretory vesicles?
What is the mechanism of hormone release from secretory vesicles?
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Study Notes
Peptide Hormone Synthesis
- Occurs on ribosomes of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) as a pre-pro hormone consisting of a signal peptide, peptide, and hormone
- Signal peptide is cleaved in RER to produce a pro hormone
- Prohormone is transported to the Golgi apparatus
Processing in Golgi Apparatus
- Additional peptides are cleaved in the Golgi apparatus to produce the hormone
- Hormone is then packed and stored in secretory vesicles
Hormone Release and Action
- Hormone is released by exocytosis on arrival of a proper stimulus
- Hormone is water-soluble, allowing it to be easily transported in the blood
- Hormone cannot cross the lipid cell membrane, requiring hormone receptors on the cell membrane
- A second messenger is required to produce actions
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