Pelvic Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the pelvic diaphragm?

To form the pelvic inlet

To articulate with the sacrum and coccyx

To separate the pelvic cavity from the perineum (correct)

To connect the two hip bones anteriorly

What type of joint is the symphysis pubis?

Synovial joint

Primary cartilaginous joint

Fibrous joint

Secondary cartilaginous joint (correct)

What is the shape of the pelvic inlet in females?

Triangular

Transversely oval (correct)

Circular

Heart-shaped

What forms the posterior boundary of the pelvic inlet?

Promontory and alae of the sacrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the ligament that connects the two pubic bones along the upper border of the symphysis pubis?

Superior pubic ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the region below the pelvic diaphragm?

Perineum Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the pelvic outlet anteriorly?

Symphysis pubis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sacrotuberous ligament?

To form the posterior boundary of the pelvic outlet Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?

Strong weight-bearing plane synovial joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the piriformis muscle?

Lateral rotator of the femur at the hip joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an origin point of the Levator Ani muscle?

Posterior ½ of the iliac crest Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sacrotuberous ligament?

To connect the ischial tuberosity to the posterior iliac spines and lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Puborectalis muscle?

Forming a U-shaped sling around the anorectal junction Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the anterior pubic ligament?

Along the lower border of the joint Signup and view all the answers

What changes occur in the sacroiliac ligaments during late stages of pregnancy?

They become softer and more flexible Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve branch supplies the Levator Ani muscle?

Perineal branch of the S4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the Pubococcygeus proper muscle?

Tip of the coccyx and anococcygeal raphe Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the sacrococcygeal joint?

Cartilaginous joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the obturator internus muscle?

Lateral rotator of the femur at the hip joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Coccygeus muscle?

Not mentioned in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the sacrospinous ligament?

Between the ischial spine and the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an action of the Levator Ani muscle?

Supporting the pelvic viscera Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin point of the Coccygeus muscle?

Tip of ischial spine Signup and view all the answers

In females, the Levator Ani muscle also serves as a sphincter of which organ?

Vagina Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pelvic Bones

The pelvis is formed by 2 hip bones anteriorly and laterally, and the sacrum and coccyx posteriorly
The pelvic inlet (brim) is triangular or heart-shaped in males and transversely oval in females
Boundaries of the pelvic inlet include the promontory and alae of the sacrum, arcuate lines, and pectineal lines
The pelvic outlet is bounded by the symphysis pubis, tip of the coccyx, ischial tuberosities, ischiopubic rami, and sacrotuberous ligaments

Pelvic Cavity

The pelvic cavity lies between the inlet and outlet
It is divided into two parts by the pelvic diaphragm: the pelvis above the diaphragm and the perineum below

Joints and Ligaments of the Pelvis

Symphysis pubis: a secondary cartilaginous joint between the two pubic bones
- Ligaments: superior pubic ligament, inferior pubic ligament, anterior pubic ligament, and posterior pubic ligament
Sacroiliac joint: a strong weight-bearing plane synovial joint between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium
- Ligaments: anterior, posterior, and interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
- Accessory ligaments: sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament
Sacrococcygeal joint: a secondary cartilaginous joint between the last piece of sacrum and first piece of coccyx

Pelvic Muscles

Muscles of the posterior wall: piriformis
- Nerve supply: branches from the sacral plexus
- Action: lateral rotator of the femur at the hip joint
Muscles of the lateral walls: obturator internus
- Nerve supply: nerve to obturator internus from the sacral plexus
- Action: lateral rotator of the femur at the hip joint
Muscles of the floor: levator ani and coccygeus
- Levator ani: divided into pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus
  - Pubococcygeus: puborectalis, levator prostatae (in males) or sphincter vaginae (in females), and pubococcygeus proper
  - Iliococcygeus: inserted into the side of the coccyx and the anococcygeal raphe
- Coccygeus: origin is the tip of the ischial spine

Nerve Supply and Action of Pelvic Muscles

Levator ani:
- Nerve supply: perineal branch of S4 and perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
- Action: supports and maintains the pelvic viscera in position, increases intra-abdominal pressure during straining, and has a sphincter action on the ano-rectal junction; in females, it also serves as a sphincter of the vagina

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of the pelvis, including the bony pelvis, pelvic joints, ligaments, and muscles. It is designed for students of medicine and anatomy.