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Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the internal iliac artery?
What is the origin of the internal iliac artery?
What is the course of the internal iliac artery?
What is the course of the internal iliac artery?
What is the branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the superior aspect of the urinary bladder?
What is the branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the superior aspect of the urinary bladder?
What is the branch of the internal iliac artery that travels through the obturator canal?
What is the branch of the internal iliac artery that travels through the obturator canal?
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What is the nerve that accompanies the pudendal artery in the lesser sciatic foramen?
What is the nerve that accompanies the pudendal artery in the lesser sciatic foramen?
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What is the distal part of the umbilical artery?
What is the distal part of the umbilical artery?
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What is the branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the muscles of the medial side of the thigh?
What is the branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the muscles of the medial side of the thigh?
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What is the branch of the internal iliac artery that moves inferiorly to leave the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?
What is the branch of the internal iliac artery that moves inferiorly to leave the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?
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What is the function of the internal iliac vein?
What is the function of the internal iliac vein?
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Which vein drains the muscles of the medial side of the thigh?
Which vein drains the muscles of the medial side of the thigh?
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What is the location of the sacral plexus?
What is the location of the sacral plexus?
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What is formed at the upper margin of the pubic symphysis?
What is formed at the upper margin of the pubic symphysis?
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Which vein drains the reproductive organs and part of the rectum?
Which vein drains the reproductive organs and part of the rectum?
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What is the function of the iliolumbar vein?
What is the function of the iliolumbar vein?
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What is the result of the combination of the left and right common iliac veins?
What is the result of the combination of the left and right common iliac veins?
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Where does the inferior vena cava empty?
Where does the inferior vena cava empty?
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Which spinal nerves form the lumbosacral trunk?
Which spinal nerves form the lumbosacral trunk?
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At which vertebral level do paired spinal nerves leave the spinal cord?
At which vertebral level do paired spinal nerves leave the spinal cord?
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Which nerve is motor to gluteus maximus?
Which nerve is motor to gluteus maximus?
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Which nerve has two individual nerve bundles: tibial and common fibular?
Which nerve has two individual nerve bundles: tibial and common fibular?
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Which nerve innervates skin on the posterior surface of the thigh and leg?
Which nerve innervates skin on the posterior surface of the thigh and leg?
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Through which foramen does the pudendal nerve leave the pelvis?
Through which foramen does the pudendal nerve leave the pelvis?
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What is the name of the canal formed by fascia of the obturator internus muscle?
What is the name of the canal formed by fascia of the obturator internus muscle?
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Which nerve is accompanied by the superior gluteal artery and vein?
Which nerve is accompanied by the superior gluteal artery and vein?
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Which artery supplies the lower aspect of the urinary bladder and the rectum in females?
Which artery supplies the lower aspect of the urinary bladder and the rectum in females?
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What is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?
What is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?
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Where does the superior gluteal artery exit the pelvic cavity?
Where does the superior gluteal artery exit the pelvic cavity?
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Which artery forms anastomoses with the ovarian artery?
Which artery forms anastomoses with the ovarian artery?
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What is the continuation of the femoral vein that arises when it crosses underneath the inguinal ligament?
What is the continuation of the femoral vein that arises when it crosses underneath the inguinal ligament?
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Which artery supplies the muscles and bone around the iliac fossa?
Which artery supplies the muscles and bone around the iliac fossa?
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What is the major blood supply to the muscles and skin of the gluteal region?
What is the major blood supply to the muscles and skin of the gluteal region?
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Which artery crosses the ureters superiorly during its course?
Which artery crosses the ureters superiorly during its course?
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What is the first branch of the nerve inside the pudendal canal?
What is the first branch of the nerve inside the pudendal canal?
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What is the function of the dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris?
What is the function of the dorsal nerve of penis or clitoris?
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Which nerve supply muscles of the perineum and pelvic floor?
Which nerve supply muscles of the perineum and pelvic floor?
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What is the composition of the coccygeal plexus?
What is the composition of the coccygeal plexus?
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Which nerve is responsible for innervating the skin of the perineum, labia minora and posterior scrotum?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the skin of the perineum, labia minora and posterior scrotum?
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What type of nerves make up the autonomic plexus?
What type of nerves make up the autonomic plexus?
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Study Notes
Pelvic Vessels and Nerves
Major Arteries of the Pelvis
- Internal Iliac Artery:
- Originates at the bifurcation of common iliac artery at vertebral level L5-S1
- Descends inferiorly, crossing pelvic inlet to enter lesser pelvis
- Divides into anterior and posterior trunks at the superior border of the greater sciatic foramen
- Gonadal Arteries:
- Ovarian artery in females
- Testicular artery in males
- Median Sacral Artery
- Superior Rectal Artery
Internal Iliac Artery Branches
- Anterior Trunk:
- Obturator artery: supplies muscles of medial side of thigh (adductor region)
- Umbilical artery: gives rise to superior vesical artery, which supplies superior aspect of urinary bladder
- Inferior vesical artery: supplies lower aspect of urinary bladder
- Vaginal artery (female): supplies inferior part of urinary bladder and rectum
- Uterine artery (female): supplies inferior part of urinary bladder and rectum
- Middle rectal artery: supplies distal part of rectum
- Inferior gluteal artery: supplies gluteal muscles and hip joint
- Posterior Trunk:
- Lateral sacral arteries: supply structures in sacral canal and skin and muscles posterior to sacrum
- Iliolumbar artery: supplies psoas major, quadratus lumborum, and posterior abdominal wall
- Superior gluteal artery: supplies muscles and skin of gluteal region
Veins of the Pelvis
- External Iliac Vein:
- Continuation of femoral vein, arising when femoral vein crosses underneath inguinal ligament
- Ascends along medial aspect of the external iliac artery
- Receives inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac veins
- Internal Iliac Vein:
- Responsible for majority of pelvic venous drainage
- Receives numerous tributaries from veins that drain pelvic region
- Combines with external iliac vein to form common iliac vein
- Common Iliac Vein:
- Formed at the upper margin of pubic symphysis by the union of the external and internal iliac veins
- Receives iliolumbar vein and median sacral veins
- Combines at L5 to become inferior vena cava
Nerves of the Pelvis
- Sacral Plexus:
- Definition: a network of nerve fibers that supplies the skin and muscles of the pelvis and the lower limb
- Site: located on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle
- Formation: formed by anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves L4 and L5, and sacral spinal nerves S1, S2, S3, and S4
- Branches of the Sacral Plexus:
- Superior gluteal nerve: L4, L5, S1; motor to gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and tensor fascia lata
- Inferior gluteal nerve: L5, S1, S2; motor to gluteus maximus
- Sciatic nerve: L4, L5, S1, S2, S3; major nerve of lower limb
- Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: S1, S2, S3; sensory supply to skin on posterior surface of thigh and leg
- Pudendal nerve: S2, S3, S4; supplies skin and muscles of perineum
- Coccygeal Plexus:
- Formed in pelvis by three nerve roots: fourth and fifth sacral nerves and first coccygeal nerve
- Branches into anococcygeal nerves, which supply cutaneous innervation to anococcygeal region
- Autonomic Plexus:
- Sympathetic: paravertebral ganglia, sacral ganglia, and ganglion impar
- Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy of pelvic vessels and nerves, including major arteries, internal iliac artery, and veins of the pelvis. Identify and describe the key components of the pelvic vessels and nerves.
