Pelvic Organs Anatomy

Questions and Answers

What forms the rectovesical pouch?

The bladder and the anterior abdominal wall

The uterus and the anterior abdominal wall

The rectum and the anterior abdominal wall

The bladder and the rectum (correct)

In females, what is the relation between the rectum and the uterus?

The rectum is posterior to the uterus (correct)

The rectum is anterior to the uterus

The rectum is inferior to the uterus

The rectum is superior to the uterus

What is the junction between the anal canal and the rectum?

Around 100°

Around 120°

Around 80° (correct)

Around 90°

What is the epithelium lining of the upper part of the anal canal?

Simple columnar Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood supply of the upper part of the anal canal?

Superior rectal artery Signup and view all the answers

What lies posterior to the anal canal?

Anococcygeal ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the puborectalis muscle?

It helps to angle the rectum at the junction with the anal canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation between the anal canal and the perineal body in males?

The anal canal is posterior to the perineal body Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological origin of the epithelium of the lower part of the anal canal?

Ectoderm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the autonomic innervation of the internal anal sphincter?

It is supplied by the parasympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the lymphatic drainage of internal hemorrhoids?

They drain into internal iliac lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the detrusor muscle in the bladder?

It helps to contract the bladder during micturition Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the bladder when it is empty?

In the pelvic cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the fallopian tube contains fimbriae?

Infundibulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle between the vagina and cervix in a normal uterus?

Anteversion Signup and view all the answers

What is the ligament that connects the ovary to the uterus?

Proper ovarian ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the cervix in a nulliparous woman?

Circular Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological origin of the round ligament?

Distal part of the gubernaculum Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve roots provide innervation to the prostate?

S2-S4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

To provide nutrients and energy to spermatozoa Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the urethra passes through the prostate gland?

Prostatic urethra Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the groove on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra?

Urethral crest Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the external urethral sphincter muscle?

Voluntary, skeletal muscle that regulates urination Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ductus deferens is part of the spermatic cord?

Beginning Signup and view all the answers

What structure is located at the base of the bladder?

Seminal vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

Ductus deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the ovary?

To produce ova and estrogen/progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the pubic symphysis?

Anterior to the prostate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fluid produced by the prostate gland?

To neutralize the acidity of the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the ovary before puberty?

Smooth Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the ejaculatory duct?

Through the posterior part of the prostate Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common site of prostatic carcinomas?

Peripheral zone Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle surrounds the urethra in females?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the ovary after the first pregnancy?

In the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the prostate gland is made up of fibromuscular tissue and lacks glandular tissue?

Anterior isthmus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the fluid produced by the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

To neutralize acidity in the vagina Signup and view all the answers

In males, the peritoneum extends from the anterior abdominal wall to which of the following?

Anterior surface of the rectum Signup and view all the answers

In females, which structure connects the ovary to the pelvic brim?

Suspensory ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the pouch formed between the uterus and the bladder in females?

Vesicouterine pouch Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the ovary before the first pregnancy?

In the ovarian fossa Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the rectum does not have peritoneum?

Lower part Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the anal canal?

Posterior perineum Signup and view all the answers

What structure runs through the posterior part of the prostate gland?

Ejaculatory duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation between the anal canal and the perineal body in females?

The anal canal is posterior to the perineal body Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the internal sphincter of the anus?

Composed of circular smooth muscle layers Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the bladder has a superior surface covered with peritoneum?

Body Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the ovaries in females?

To produce estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the blood supply of the upper part of the anal canal?

Superior rectal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the embryological origin of the epithelium of the upper part of the anal canal?

Endoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the epithelium of the lower part of the anal canal?

Ectoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the lymphatic drainage of external hemorrhoids?

Drains into superficial inguinal lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation between the rectum and the uterus in females?

The rectum is posterior to the uterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the detrusor muscle in the bladder?

Urination and continence Signup and view all the answers

When is the bladder located in the pelvic cavity?

When it is empty Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the ampulla part of the fallopian tube?

The site where fertilization occurs Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament connects the ovary to the uterus?

Proper ovarian ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal position of the uterus in relation to the vagina?

Anteversion and anteflexion Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesosalpinx?

To receive ovum from the ovary Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the cervix in a parous woman?

Transverse slit Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of the round ligament?

From the uterus to the deep inguinal ring through the inguinal canal Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the male urethra is the shortest?

Membranous Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?

Lubrication of urethra and pre-ejaculate Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle?

The ductus deferens joins the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the prostate gland?

Inferior to the bladder Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Production of fructose and nutrients for spermatozoa Signup and view all the answers

What is the innervation of the prostate gland?

S2-S4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the rectum and the seminal vesicle?

The rectum is posterior to the seminal vesicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that surrounds the membranous part of the urethra in the male?

External urethral sphincter muscle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pelvic Organs

Peritoneum: In males, it extends from the anterior abdominal wall to the superior surface of the bladder and then to the anterior surface of the rectum, forming the rectovesical pouch. In females, it extends from the anterior abdominal wall to the superior surface of the bladder, then to the anterior, superior, and posterior surface of the uterus, and finally to the upper posterior vagina and the anterior surface of the rectum, forming the vesicouterine pouch and the rectouterine pouch (of Douglas).

Rectum

Location: Pierces the pelvic diaphragm and is continuous with the anal canal.
Junction: The junction between the anal canal and rectum is at approximately 80°, due to the puborectalis muscle of the levator ani muscle.
Upper part: Has peritoneum, whereas the lower part does not.

Anal Canal

Location: Located in the posterior perineum (anal triangle).
Relations: Posteriorly related to the anococcygeal ligament, laterally related to the fat in the ischiorectal fossa, and anteriorly related to the perineal body and the bulb of the penis in males, and to the perineal body and the lower part of the vagina in females.
Upper part: Derived from the distal hindgut, lined with simple columnar epithelium from endoderm, supplied by the superior rectal artery, drained by the superior rectal vein, and innervated by autonomic nerves. Internal hemorrhoids can occur in this region.
Lower part: Derived from an ectodermal depression, lined with stratified squamous epithelium from ectoderm, supplied by the inferior rectal artery, drained by the inferior rectal vein, and innervated by somatic nerves. External hemorrhoids can occur in this region.

Bladder

Empty state: Located in the pelvic cavity, and as it fills, it rises into the hypogastric region.
Parts: Apex, fundus (base), body, and neck.
Detrusor muscle: Covers the bladder and has parasympathetic innervation from S2-S4.

Male Reproductive Organs

Urethra: Within the pelvic cavity, with preprostatic and prostatic parts, and within the perineum, with membranous and spongy parts.
Ductus Deferens: Carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and is part of the spermatic cord at its beginning.
Seminal Vesicle: Relations include the base of the bladder, rectum, ampulla of the ductus deferens, and the inferior part that joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct. Contains fructose and nutrients for spermatozoa.
Prostate: Ejaculatory ducts run through the posterior part, becoming the prostatic urethra. Relations include the neck of the bladder, pubic symphysis, rectum, and levator ani muscle. Zones include the central, transitional, peripheral, and anterior (isthmus) zones.
Ejaculatory Duct: Runs through the posterior part of the prostate.

Female Reproductive Organs

Urethra: From the internal urethral orifice (neck of the bladder) to the external (space between the labia minora), surrounded by the external urethral sphincter muscle (voluntary, skeletal muscle).
Ovary: Produces ova and estrogen/progesterone, with one pole connected to the pelvic brim via the suspensory ligament and peritoneal fold, and the other pole connected to the uterus via the proper ovarian ligament. Before the first pregnancy, the ovary is located in the ovarian fossa, and after the first pregnancy, it is pulled up into the abdominal cavity, taking a variable position in the pelvis.
Fallopian Tube: Located at the upper part of the broad ligament, with a mesosalpinx between the fallopian tube and ovary, and parts including the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and intramural (uterine) parts.
Uterus: Parts include the fundus, cervix, and body, with angles, version, and flexion. Normal anteversion and anteflexion occur. Ligaments include the broad ligament, proper ovarian ligament, and round ligament.

Pelvic Organs

Peritoneum: In males, it extends from the anterior abdominal wall to the superior surface of the bladder and then to the anterior surface of the rectum, forming the rectovesical pouch. In females, it extends from the anterior abdominal wall to the superior surface of the bladder, then to the anterior, superior, and posterior surface of the uterus, and finally to the upper posterior vagina and the anterior surface of the rectum, forming the vesicouterine pouch and the rectouterine pouch (of Douglas).

Rectum

Location: Pierces the pelvic diaphragm and is continuous with the anal canal.
Junction: The junction between the anal canal and rectum is at approximately 80°, due to the puborectalis muscle of the levator ani muscle.
Upper part: Has peritoneum, whereas the lower part does not.

Anal Canal

Location: Located in the posterior perineum (anal triangle).
Relations: Posteriorly related to the anococcygeal ligament, laterally related to the fat in the ischiorectal fossa, and anteriorly related to the perineal body and the bulb of the penis in males, and to the perineal body and the lower part of the vagina in females.
Upper part: Derived from the distal hindgut, lined with simple columnar epithelium from endoderm, supplied by the superior rectal artery, drained by the superior rectal vein, and innervated by autonomic nerves. Internal hemorrhoids can occur in this region.
Lower part: Derived from an ectodermal depression, lined with stratified squamous epithelium from ectoderm, supplied by the inferior rectal artery, drained by the inferior rectal vein, and innervated by somatic nerves. External hemorrhoids can occur in this region.

Bladder

Empty state: Located in the pelvic cavity, and as it fills, it rises into the hypogastric region.
Parts: Apex, fundus (base), body, and neck.
Detrusor muscle: Covers the bladder and has parasympathetic innervation from S2-S4.

Male Reproductive Organs

Urethra: Within the pelvic cavity, with preprostatic and prostatic parts, and within the perineum, with membranous and spongy parts.
Ductus Deferens: Carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct and is part of the spermatic cord at its beginning.
Seminal Vesicle: Relations include the base of the bladder, rectum, ampulla of the ductus deferens, and the inferior part that joins the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory duct. Contains fructose and nutrients for spermatozoa.
Prostate: Ejaculatory ducts run through the posterior part, becoming the prostatic urethra. Relations include the neck of the bladder, pubic symphysis, rectum, and levator ani muscle. Zones include the central, transitional, peripheral, and anterior (isthmus) zones.
Ejaculatory Duct: Runs through the posterior part of the prostate.

Female Reproductive Organs

Urethra: From the internal urethral orifice (neck of the bladder) to the external (space between the labia minora), surrounded by the external urethral sphincter muscle (voluntary, skeletal muscle).
Ovary: Produces ova and estrogen/progesterone, with one pole connected to the pelvic brim via the suspensory ligament and peritoneal fold, and the other pole connected to the uterus via the proper ovarian ligament. Before the first pregnancy, the ovary is located in the ovarian fossa, and after the first pregnancy, it is pulled up into the abdominal cavity, taking a variable position in the pelvis.
Fallopian Tube: Located at the upper part of the broad ligament, with a mesosalpinx between the fallopian tube and ovary, and parts including the infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, and intramural (uterine) parts.
Uterus: Parts include the fundus, cervix, and body, with angles, version, and flexion. Normal anteversion and anteflexion occur. Ligaments include the broad ligament, proper ovarian ligament, and round ligament.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of pelvic organs, including the peritoneum and its relations in both males and females.