24 Questions
What is the main cause of acute cough in infancy without respiratory distress?
Sinusitis
Which of the following is a cause of chronic cough in infancy?
TB
What is a complication of bronchiectasis?
Widening of airways
Which of the following is a cause of wheezing in infancy?
All of the above
What is the typical presentation of acute bronchiolitis?
With respiratory distress
Which of the following is a cause of respiratory distress in infancy?
Pneumonia
What is the relation between sinusitis and cough in infancy?
Sinusitis is a cause of chronic cough
What is the significance of vascular ring in the context of wheezing in infancy?
It is an anatomical abnormality
What is the most common cause of acute cough in children?
Acute Bronchitis
What is the typical course of illness for Acute Bronchitis?
2 weeks
What is the best expectorant for treating Acute Bronchitis?
Warm fluids
When are antibiotics prescribed for Acute Bronchitis?
Only for bacterial infections
What is the most common cause of respiratory distress and wheezing in infancy?
Acute Bronchiolitis
What is the typical age range for Acute Bronchiolitis?
First two years of life
What is the respiratory rate for a baby hospitalized with Acute Bronchiolitis?
20 breaths/min
What type of oxygen therapy is used to treat Acute Bronchiolitis?
Humidified oxygen
What is the primary reason for administering IV fluids to a patient with respiratory distress?
To prevent dehydration
What is the purpose of administering bronchodilators, such as albuterol or ipratropium, in the treatment of respiratory distress?
To achieve modest short-term improvement
What is the primary indication for administering antiviral medications, such as ribavirin, in the treatment of respiratory distress?
In cases of congenital heart disease or chronic lung disease
What is the main purpose of suctioning nasal and oral secretions in patients with respiratory distress?
To prevent aspiration
What is the most common diagnostic test used to confirm pneumonia?
Chest X-ray
What is the primary complication of bacterial pneumonia that can lead to respiratory failure?
Pleural effusion
What is the indication for hospitalization in cases of respiratory distress?
In cases of small infants, severe distress, or presence of complications
What is the primary complication of pneumonia that can lead to cardiac problems?
Toxic myocarditis
Study Notes
Causes of Cough in Infancy
- Acute cough (2 months): without respiratory distress, caused by sinusitis, bronchitis, or laryngitis
- Prolonged cough: caused by bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, or bronchiectasis
- Chronic cough: caused by TB, immunodeficiency, recurrent aspiration, or GERD
Causes of Wheezing in Infancy
- Infections: RSV, para-influenza virus, TB, or immunodeficiency states
- Anatomical abnormalities: e.g. Vascular Ring
- Cystic fibrosis or GERD
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Acute Bronchitis
- Most common cause of acute cough in children
- Causes: viral or bacterial infections
- Features: cough only, early: dry cough, -ve chest examination; productive: productive cough, +ve chest examination (rhonchi, moist crepitations)
- Stages: productive, convalescent
- Treatment: expectorants or mucolytics, warm fluids, cough suppressants, antibiotics (7 days oral amoxicillin in bacterial infection)
Acute Bronchiolitis
- Most common cause of respiratory distress & wheezing in infancy
- Occurs in winter, during first two years of life (20 breaths/min.)
- Treatment: oxygen therapy, IV fluid, bronchodilators, suction of nasal & oral secretions, antiviral, mechanical ventilation, steroids
Pneumonia
- Causes: bacterial, viral, TB, aspiration, etc.
- Symptoms: fever, tachypnea, wheezing, cough, dyspnea & respiratory distress
- Types: bronchopneumonia, lobar, interstitial
- Diagnosis: chest X-ray, CBC, ESR, CRP, sputum & blood culture
- Complications: respiratory failure, pleural effusion, lung abscess, heart failure
This quiz assesses knowledge of respiratory disorders in pediatric patients. It covers key concepts and clinical information for pediatricians and healthcare professionals.
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