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Questions and Answers
What age group is at risk of foreign body aspiration during exploration and experimentation?
Infants > 6mo, toddlers, and preschoolers
What is the risk factor for school age and teens in terms of foreign body aspiration?
Daily activity while eating, having too much in the mouth or eating too fast
What are the clinical manifestations of foreign body aspiration?
Coughing, choking, gagging, dyphonia and wheezing, decreased breath sounds on one side, stridor and possible respiratory distress
What is the clinical management of foreign body aspiration in airway obstruction?
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What is the pathophysiology of asthma?
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What are the triggers of asthma?
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What is sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
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Study Notes
Foreign Body Aspiration (FBA)
- At risk: infants > 6mo, toddlers, preschoolers during exploration and experimentation
- School age and teens: daily activity while eating, too much in the mouth or eating too fast
Clinical Manifestations of FBA
- Coughing, choking, gagging, dyphonia, and wheezing
- Decreased breath sounds on one side, stridor, and possible respiratory distress
- Foreign body in bronchus is better tolerated; in trachea is life-threatening
- Can migrate to R main stem bronchus to R lung due to anatomical slope
Clinical Management of FBA
- Airway obstruction: chest thrusts and back blows in infants; abdominal thrusts in children over 8 yrs
- Partially obstructed: x-ray of chest (A/P & lateral) and lateral film of the neck
- Bronchoscopy under sedation may be necessary to remove object or sometimes, surgery
- Best therapy is prevention!
Asthma
- Chronic inflammatory disorder with acute exacerbations or persistent symptoms
- Effects large and small airways with increased mucous production, swelling, and bronchospasm
- Triggers: exercise, infection, allergies, and environmental irritants (second-hand smoke, abrupt change in weather)
Pathophysiology of Asthma
- Multiple allergic pathways may be stimulated: IgE, Leukotrienes, Complement (defense mechanism)
- Airway swelling and spasm results in airway narrowing, particularly significant in children with smaller airways
- Air trapping occurs distal to mucus plugs
- Bronchospasm/coughing can feed into the cycle of anxiety which further increases the bronchospasm
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- Sudden death of an infant under 1 year
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Description
This quiz covers common respiratory disorders in paediatrics, including foreign body aspiration, and their management in emergency situations.
