Pediatric Respiratory Disorders Exam Review
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Questions and Answers

What is the first line treatment recommended for a child diagnosed with hyperlipidemia?

  • Pharmacological therapy
  • Surgical intervention
  • Dietary supplements
  • Therapeutic lifestyle modifications (correct)

At what age is universal screening for dyslipidemia in children currently recommended?

  • From birth
  • Between ages 16 and 18
  • At age 1
  • Between ages 9 and 11 (correct)

What is the primary treatment method for Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) when it does not close spontaneously?

  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (correct)
  • Surgical ligation
  • Antibiotic therapy
  • Cardiac catheterization

Which of the following describes a common lipid disorder in the pediatric population?

<p>Hypercholesterolemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main carrier of genetic information in both infants and children?

<p>Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line treatment for bacterial rhinosinusitis in children?

<p>Amoxicillin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms are indicative of an asthma attack in a child?

<p>Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years old globally?

<p>Respiratory infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best measurement of a child's lung function?

<p>Spirometry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical exam findings would suggest pharyngitis/tonsillitis in a child?

<p>Swollen lymph nodes and erythematous tonsils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most prevalent for foreign body aspiration?

<p>Children aged 1 to 3 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is mainly implicated in causing Bronchiolitis in children?

<p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis in children?

<p>Persistent cough, difficulty breathing, and gastrointestinal problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Common Cold Treatment

For a child with a common cold and dry nasal passages, focus on supportive care like saline nasal drops or sprays. Avoid medications unless prescribed by a doctor.

Bacterial Rhinosinusitis Tx

Treatment for bacterial rhinosinusitis usually involves antibiotics, along with supportive care like pain relievers and nasal irrigation.

Epiglottitis Symptoms

Epiglottitis, a severe throat infection, presents with high fever, difficulty swallowing, and a drooling child with a rapid onset of severe respiratory distress.

Pertussis First-line Tx

The first-line treatment for pertussis (whooping cough) in children typically involves antibiotics, like azithromycin, to reduce transmission and severity.

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Foreign Body Nose Removal

An APRN should carefully remove any foreign body obstructing a child's nose using tools designed for the job. Safety is paramount.

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Child's Normal Respiratory Rate

Respiratory rate varies with age in children. Consult relevant charts for age-appropriate ranges.

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Respiratory Distress in Children

Symptoms like fast breathing, grunting sounds during breathing, and bluish coloring around the mouth suggest respiratory distress, a critical condition that requires immediate medical attention.

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Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms

Cystic Fibrosis symptoms often include persistent coughing with mucus, frequent lung infections, and malnutrition. This can be seen in children.

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OSA risk factors

Conditions or habits that increase the chance of developing Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).

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HTN & lipid management lifestyle changes

Dietary and activity modifications for high blood pressure and lipid disorders.

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Adolescent HTN/Diabetes Pharmacological Treatment

Medication options for treating high blood pressure and diabetes in adolescents.

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Universal Dyslipidemia Screening Guidelines

Recommendations for when and how often children should be screened for high cholesterol.

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Selective Hyperlipidemia Screening in Children

Guidelines for when children should be screened for high cholesterol based on specific risk factors.

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Study Notes

Exam #2 Review

  • Common Cold/Dry Nasal Passages: Recommended treatment options for children
  • Bacterial Rhinosinusitis: Recommended treatment for children
  • Croup in Children: Names used to describe this condition
  • Epiglottitis: Signs and symptoms
  • Pertussis (Whooping Cough): First-line treatment
  • Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis (Sore Throat/Tonsils): Physical exam findings in children
  • Mononucleosis in Children: Information about this condition
  • Infectious vs. Noninfectious Respiratory Disorders: Distinction
  • Foreign Body in Nose: How APRN should manage
  • Epistaxis (Nosebleeds): How and why it occurs in children (2 questions)
  • Community-Acquired Pneumonia: First-line treatment
  • Tuberculosis (TB) in Children: Symptoms and risk factors (2 questions)
  • Cystic Fibrosis in Children: Symptoms
  • Foreign Body in Lung: Signs, removal procedure (2 questions)
  • Infant/Child Normal Respiratory Rates: Information on normal rates
  • Respiratory Distress in Children: Signs
  • Asthma in Children: Red flag signs, chest/abdominal breathing patterns
  • Foreign Body Aspiration: Age group most affected, signs/symptoms
  • Asthma Attack in Children: Signs/symptoms
  • Bronchiolitis: Virus most often implicated
  • Bronchiolitis Treatment/Work-Up: Prevention, best practices, neonatal
  • Epiglottitis in Children: Signs/symptoms, risk factors
  • Epiglottitis Treatment/Management: Medical options
  • Leading Cause of Death in Children U5: In the U.S. and worldwide
  • Bacterial Pneumonia (Treatment): In children under 5
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Children: Symptoms, management (2 questions)
  • Cystic Fibrosis: Ethnic group most commonly affected
  • Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Children: Symptoms
  • Lung Function Measurement: Best method
  • Hypertension (HTN) in Children: Definition, causes of secondary
  • Hypertension Risk Factors (OSA): Factors associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes for HTN/Lipid Management: Recommendations for adolescents with HTN/diabetes
  • Universal Screening for Dyslipidemia: Guidelines and ages
  • Hyperlipidemia Screening: Age/Risk factors, when it should be done
  • Lipid Disorders (Pediatric): Common types
  • Hyperlipidemia/Dyslipidemia Treatment: First-line therapy for children, second line after lifestyle modifications
  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA): Primary treatment if duct doesn't close on its own
  • Coarctation of the Aorta: Heart defect classification
  • Innocent Murmurs: When/if to treat in infants/children
  • DNA Base Composition: Composition for infants/children
  • Genetic Information Carrier: Main carrier details
  • Genetic Testing Information for Advanced Practice Nurses: Detailed information
  • Genetic Profile Inheritance: Details on what is inherited from parents

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Description

Prepare for your Exam #2 with this comprehensive review focused on pediatric respiratory disorders. Topics include treatments for conditions like bacterial rhinosinusitis, croup, and pertussis, as well as management of foreign bodies and common symptoms in children. Test your knowledge on the signs, symptoms, and proper treatments for various respiratory issues affecting young patients.

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