Pediatric Neurologic & Respiratory Disorders: Meningitis Assessment
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended precaution to take for a hospitalized child with meningitis?

  • Place the child in a private room with minimal stimulation (correct)
  • Expose the child to loud music and activities for cognitive stimulation
  • Allow the child to socialize with other hospitalized children for distraction
  • Keep the room well-lit to improve the child's mood

What is a common risk factor for Reye's Syndrome?

  • Consuming high amounts of vitamin C
  • Using aspirin to treat fevers caused by viral infections (correct)
  • Vaccination against viral infections
  • Taking antibiotics for viral infections

How long should antibiotics be administered for meningitis?

  • Up to 10 days (correct)
  • Up to 15 days
  • Up to 5 days
  • For a minimum of 20 days

What should be monitored in newborns and infants to detect increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

<p>Bulging fontanelles and increased head circumference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to decrease cerebral swelling in Reye's Syndrome?

<p>Osmotic diuretic-Mannitol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for seizures?

<p>Elevated temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs and symptoms of Reye's Syndrome based on its severity?

<p>&quot;Lethargy, confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness&quot; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seizure involves the entire brain?

<p>Generalized seizures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) in children with meningitis?

<p>Extreme flexion, extension, or rotation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnosis requires 2 unprovoked seizures occurring at least 24 hours apart?

<p>Epilepsy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves acute encephalopathy and fatty changes in the liver?

<p>Reye Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definitive diagnostic test for meningitis?

<p>Lumbar puncture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is typically positive in newborns with meningitis?

<p>Positive Brudzinski’s sign (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine has contributed to a decreased incidence of bacterial meningitis?

<p>Hib vaccine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires supportive care for recovery?

<p>Viral (aseptic) meningitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign in children aged 2 years to adolescence with meningitis?

<p>Seizures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign in infants with meningitis?

<p>High pitched cry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In bacterial meningitis, what is the appearance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

<ul> <li>WBC, elevated protein, positive gram stain (B)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Which test provides the definitive diagnosis for meningitis and requires the application of topical anesthetic cream prior to the procedure?

<p>Lumbar puncture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for bacterial meningitis?

<p>Incidence has decreased d/t administration of Hib &amp; PCV vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infection is commonly associated with the development of Reye's Syndrome?

<p>Influenza (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided in the management of children with meningitis to prevent leakage that can lead to spinal headache?

<p>Extreme flexion, extension, or rotation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should not be given to children for pain or fever management to prevent the development of Reye's Syndrome?

<p>Aspirin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign in newborns and infants that may indicate increased intracranial pressure?

<p>Bulging fontanelles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test provides the definitive diagnosis for Reye's Syndrome?

<p>Liver biopsy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for the development of seizures?

<p>Elevated temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seizure involves abnormal electrical discharges in one area of the brain?

<p>Partial (focal) seizure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition typically follows a viral illness like influenza, gastroenteritis, or varicella?

<p>Reye's Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medication is used to decrease cerebral swelling in Reye's Syndrome?

<p>Mannitol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for the development of epilepsy?

<p>Trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test can have a positive blood culture but a negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture in bacterial meningitis?

<p>Blood culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in newborns with meningitis?

<p>Difficult to diagnose with bulging fontanelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign in children aged 2 years to adolescence with meningitis?

<p>Positive Brudzinski's sign (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine has contributed to a decreased incidence of bacterial meningitis?

<p>Hib &amp; PCV vaccine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for Reye's Syndrome?

<p>Viral infections like HIV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common risk factor for seizures in children with meningitis?

<p>Injuries that provide direct access to CSF (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to decrease cerebral swelling in Reye's Syndrome?

<p>Aspirin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended precaution to take for a hospitalized child with meningitis?

<p><strong>Isolation precautions</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seizure involves the entire brain?

<p>Tonic-clonic seizure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diagnosis requires 2 unprovoked seizures occurring at least 24 hours apart?

<p>Epilepsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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