Pediatric Neurologic & Respiratory Disorders: Meningitis Assessment
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended precaution to take for a hospitalized child with meningitis?

  • Place the child in a private room with minimal stimulation (correct)
  • Expose the child to loud music and activities for cognitive stimulation
  • Allow the child to socialize with other hospitalized children for distraction
  • Keep the room well-lit to improve the child's mood
  • What is a common risk factor for Reye's Syndrome?

  • Consuming high amounts of vitamin C
  • Using aspirin to treat fevers caused by viral infections (correct)
  • Vaccination against viral infections
  • Taking antibiotics for viral infections
  • How long should antibiotics be administered for meningitis?

  • Up to 10 days (correct)
  • Up to 15 days
  • Up to 5 days
  • For a minimum of 20 days
  • What should be monitored in newborns and infants to detect increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

    <p>Bulging fontanelles and increased head circumference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to decrease cerebral swelling in Reye's Syndrome?

    <p>Osmotic diuretic-Mannitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for seizures?

    <p>Elevated temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of Reye's Syndrome based on its severity?

    <p>&quot;Lethargy, confusion, seizures, loss of consciousness&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure involves the entire brain?

    <p>Generalized seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP) in children with meningitis?

    <p>Extreme flexion, extension, or rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnosis requires 2 unprovoked seizures occurring at least 24 hours apart?

    <p>Epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder involves acute encephalopathy and fatty changes in the liver?

    <p>Reye Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive diagnostic test for meningitis?

    <p>Lumbar puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign is typically positive in newborns with meningitis?

    <p>Positive Brudzinski’s sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine has contributed to a decreased incidence of bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Hib vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires supportive care for recovery?

    <p>Viral (aseptic) meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign in children aged 2 years to adolescence with meningitis?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign in infants with meningitis?

    <p>High pitched cry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bacterial meningitis, what is the appearance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

    <ul> <li>WBC, elevated protein, positive gram stain</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test provides the definitive diagnosis for meningitis and requires the application of topical anesthetic cream prior to the procedure?

    <p>Lumbar puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Incidence has decreased d/t administration of Hib &amp; PCV vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which infection is commonly associated with the development of Reye's Syndrome?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided in the management of children with meningitis to prevent leakage that can lead to spinal headache?

    <p>Extreme flexion, extension, or rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should not be given to children for pain or fever management to prevent the development of Reye's Syndrome?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign in newborns and infants that may indicate increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Bulging fontanelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test provides the definitive diagnosis for Reye's Syndrome?

    <p>Liver biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for the development of seizures?

    <p>Elevated temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure involves abnormal electrical discharges in one area of the brain?

    <p>Partial (focal) seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition typically follows a viral illness like influenza, gastroenteritis, or varicella?

    <p>Reye's Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is used to decrease cerebral swelling in Reye's Syndrome?

    <p>Mannitol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for the development of epilepsy?

    <p>Trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test can have a positive blood culture but a negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture in bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Blood culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in newborns with meningitis?

    <p>Difficult to diagnose with bulging fontanelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign in children aged 2 years to adolescence with meningitis?

    <p>Positive Brudzinski's sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine has contributed to a decreased incidence of bacterial meningitis?

    <p>Hib &amp; PCV vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for Reye's Syndrome?

    <p>Viral infections like HIV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common risk factor for seizures in children with meningitis?

    <p>Injuries that provide direct access to CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to decrease cerebral swelling in Reye's Syndrome?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended precaution to take for a hospitalized child with meningitis?

    <p><strong>Isolation precautions</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizure involves the entire brain?

    <p>Tonic-clonic seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnosis requires 2 unprovoked seizures occurring at least 24 hours apart?

    <p>Epilepsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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