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Cerebral palsy is a disease with a single etiology.
False
Motor dysfunction in cerebral palsy can manifest as paralysis, excessive strength, or normal movement.
False
Cerebral palsy can be cured with proper treatment.
False
The incidence of cerebral palsy has decreased in developed countries due to advances in medical care.
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Perinatal factors such as intracranial hemorrhage and birth asphyxia can contribute to the development of cerebral palsy.
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Congenital anomalies and teratogens like alcohol can be prenatal causes of cerebral palsy.
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In patients with Spastic Hemiplegia, the arm is generally affected more than the leg.
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Scissoring gait pattern with hips flexed and adducted is commonly seen in Spastic Quadriplegia.
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Patients with Spastic Diplegia have upper motor neuron findings that affect the arms more than the legs.
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Learning disabilities and seizures are more common in Spastic Hemiplegia compared to Spastic Diplegia.
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Homonymous hemianopsia is a potential visual field deficit seen in patients with Spastic Hemiplegia.
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Injuries to the periventricular white matter near the lateral ventricles between weeks 26 and 34 of gestation can lead to spastic diplegia.
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Periventricular leukomalacia is typically asymmetric in premature infants and primarily caused by hemorrhagic lesions.
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Symmetric injury to the periventricular white matter can lead to spastic hemiplegia in infants.
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Germinal matrix capillaries in the periventricular region are resistant to hypoxic-ischemic injuries due to their unique location.
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Cerebral Palsy can present with clinical features such as abnormal muscle tone, delayed developmental milestones, and normal reflexes.
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Microcephaly is not an associated disability commonly seen in individuals with Cerebral Palsy.
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Study Notes
Pathophysiology of Cerebral Palsy
- Between weeks 26 and 34 of gestation, the periventricular white matter areas near the lateral ventricles are most susceptible to injury.
- Injury in these areas can result in spastic diplegia, characterized by predominant spasticity and weakness of the legs, with or without arm involvement of a lesser degree.
Anatomy of Motor Lesions
- Periventricular leukomalacia is generally symmetric due to ischemic white matter injury in the premature infant.
- Asymmetric injury to the periventricular white matter can result in asymmetric spastic diplegia, with one side of the body being more affected than the other.
Classification of Cerebral Palsy
- Topographic classification:
- Monoplegic
- Paraplegic
- Hemiplegic
- Triplegic
- Quadraplegic
- Diplegic
- Physiologic classification:
- Athetoid
- Ataxic
- Rigid-Spastic
- Atonic
- Mixed
Clinical Features of Cerebral Palsy
- Delayed developmental milestones
- Abnormal movements, including chorea, athetosis, and dystonia
- Abnormal reflexes and persistence of neonatal reflexes
- Abnormal muscle tone
- Associated disabilities:
- Microcephaly
- Speech defects
- Mental retardation
- Learning disabilities
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Hearing loss
- Strabismus
- Visual loss
Cerebral Palsy Definition and Epidemiology
- Definition: A symptom complex with multiple etiologies, characterized by a disorder of tone, posture, or movement due to a lesion in the developing brain during the developmental period.
- Epidemiology:
- Incidence has increased due to the increase in survival of children with low birth weight (LBW).
- Developed countries: 2.5 per 1,000 children within the school age range.
- 80 per 1,000 in children with birth weight under 2.5kg.
Etiology of Cerebral Palsy
- Prenatal:
- Genetic (dominant, recessive)
- Congenital cerebral anomaly
- Teratogen (mercury, alcohol)
- Perinatal:
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Periventricular leukomalacia
- Kernicterus
- Cerebral traumatic injury
- Birth asphyxia
- Postnatal:
- Meningitis
- Prenatal infection
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Description
This quiz outlines the key aspects of Cerebral Palsy in Pediatric Neurology including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, management, and prevention. Explore the symptom complex and motor dysfunctions associated with Cerebral Palsy.
