Pediatric Iron-Deficiency Anemia Management Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia major?

Sickle cell anemia involves abnormal hemoglobin leading to crescent-shaped red blood cells, while beta thalassemia major involves reduced production of normal hemoglobin.

What is the mechanism of inheritance for hemophilia?

X-linked recessive

In the context of hematological disorders, what distinguishes immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) from disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

ITP involves low platelet count due to immune system destruction, while DIC involves widespread clotting leading to platelet depletion.

What is the primary nursing responsibility during blood transfusion?

Verifying the compatibility of the blood product with the recipient's blood type and ensuring proper administration. Signup and view all the answers

What does CBC stand for in the context of the text?

Complete Blood Cell Count Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms can indicate blood disorders according to the text?

Lack of energy, poor iron sources, frequent infections, and difficult bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common hematological disorder in infancy and childhood?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What do RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) help differentiate according to the text?

Types of anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of WBC count and differential WBC count according to the text?

Identifying infections and inflammatory conditions Signup and view all the answers

Why is platelet count crucial according to the text?

For clotting to occur Signup and view all the answers

What does the etiological approach provide direction for according to the text?

Planning nursing care in terms of laboratory evaluation of anemia Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding CBC findings and red blood cell disorders essential for nurses according to the text?

In recognizing symptoms and establishing a diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of health history and physical examination according to the text?

To identify hematological dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What tests are performed in CBC according to the text?

RBC count, Hgb determination, Hct, RBC indices, reticulocyte count, WBC count, and platelet count Signup and view all the answers

What is anemia classified based on according to the text?

Etiology or physiology, and morphology (RBC size, shape, or color) Signup and view all the answers

Why should nurses be familiar with CBC findings and normal values for all ages according to the text?

For diagnosis purposes Signup and view all the answers

What is a nurse's responsibility in managing pediatric anemia?

Explaining test significance, encouraging parental presence, and involving the child in the procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for definitive diagnosis of certain anemias like aplastic anemia?

Bone marrow aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial in anemia management?

Decreasing tissue oxygen needs Signup and view all the answers

What is vital in monitoring and preventing complications in pediatric anemia?

Monitoring and preventing complications such as infection and tissue hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to high anemia prevalence in Canadian Indigenous infants?

Poverty, food insecurity, and reduced iron intake Signup and view all the answers

What are risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia?

Chronic illness, suboptimal iron intake, and prolonged bottle feeding Signup and view all the answers

Who is recommended for iron supplementation?

Low birth weight and preterm infants Signup and view all the answers

Who is at risk for iron-deficiency anemia due to rapid growth and poor eating habits?

Adolescents Signup and view all the answers

What can result in iron-deficiency anemia?

Factors affecting iron supply, absorption, or body's need for iron Signup and view all the answers

What can improve infant iron status and reduce the risk of iron deficiency?

Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of anemia on the circulatory system?

Hemodilution, decreased peripheral resistance, and potential cardiac murmurs Signup and view all the answers

How does anemia affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?

It decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood Signup and view all the answers

What are the common effects of chronic severe anemia on children?

Growth restriction and delayed sexual maturation Signup and view all the answers

How is anemia severity defined?

Not solely by Hgb level, as levels vary with age and comorbid conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of therapeutic management for anemia?

To reverse anemia by treating the underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

How is anemia suspected in pediatric patients?

Based on health history and physical examination, with alterations in CBC indicating the disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is included in anemia assessment?

Age and ethnic background considerations to identify possible etiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential result of anemia with reduced Hgb concentration?

Result from dietary iron depletion Signup and view all the answers

What is the emphasis in identifying the cause of anemia?

Eliciting information to identify the cause, such as dietary habits and history of diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What may pediatric patients undergo to identify anemia?

Multiple blood tests, necessitating preparation to minimize trauma Signup and view all the answers

What does anemia classification in Figure 48.1 include?

Normocytes, macrocytes, and normochromic Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of anemia on children's function despite low Hgb levels?

Children can function well despite low Hgb levels, often without evident cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended iron concentration in formula for formula-fed infants for the first 9 to 12 months?

6.5 mg/L to 13 mg/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of giving ascorbic acid (vitamin C) with iron preparations?

Facilitates iron absorption Signup and view all the answers

When should fresh cow’s milk be given to infants?

9 to 12 months Signup and view all the answers

In what circumstances is parenteral iron administration reserved for children?

Iron malabsorption, chronic hemoglobinuria, or intolerance to oral preparations Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nursing care in managing pediatric iron-deficiency anemia?

Assessing for anemia, instructing parents in iron administration, and monitoring for adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

When should oral iron be given to children?

In two divided doses between meals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of giving iron-rich foods to infants between 6 and 12 months old?

Prevent nutritional anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred form of iron for absorption?

Ferrous iron Signup and view all the answers

When are transfusions indicated for children with iron-deficiency anemia?

Severe anemia, serious infection, cardiac dysfunction, or surgical emergencies Signup and view all the answers

What are potential health risks associated with iron-deficiency anemia?

Cognitive impairments, seizures, and strokes Signup and view all the answers

How should parents be informed to manage expected stool color changes with iron administration?

By informing them about the expected changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of family education in preventing nutritional anemia?

To focus on feeding iron-rich foods to infants between 6 and 12 months old Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pediatric Iron-Deficiency Anemia Management and Nursing Care

Therapeutic management of iron-deficiency anemia in children involves increasing supplemental iron through dietary counseling and oral iron supplements.
Formula-fed infants should receive formula containing 6.5 mg/L to 13 mg/L of iron for the first 9 to 12 months, supplemented with iron-rich foods after 6 months.
Fresh cow’s milk should not be given to infants younger than 9 to 12 months to avoid the risk of GI blood loss.
Oral iron supplements are prescribed if dietary sources of iron are inadequate, with ferrous iron being more readily absorbed than ferric iron.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) facilitates iron absorption and can be given with iron preparations.
Parenteral iron administration is reserved for children with iron malabsorption, chronic hemoglobinuria, or intolerance to oral preparations.
Transfusions are indicated for severe anemia, serious infection, cardiac dysfunction, or surgical emergencies.
Iron-deficiency anemia is associated with potential cognitive impairments and other health risks, such as seizures and strokes.
Nursing care involves assessing for anemia, instructing parents in iron administration, and monitoring for adverse effects.
Oral iron should be given in two divided doses between meals, with citrus fruit or juice to aid absorption.
Parents should be informed about expected stool color changes with iron administration and how to manage vomiting or diarrhea.
Family education is essential to prevent nutritional anemia, with a focus on feeding iron-rich foods to infants between 6 and 12 months old.

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