Pediatric Iron-Deficiency Anemia Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a key difference between sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia major?

Sickle cell anemia results from a point mutation in the beta-globin gene, while beta thalassemia major results from reduced or absent synthesis of the beta-globin chain. (correct)

Sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia major are both caused by an excess of normal hemoglobin.

Sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia major have the same pathophysiology and clinical manifestations.

Sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia major both result from a deficiency in the production of hemoglobin A.

What is the mechanism of inheritance for hemophilia?

Y-linked

Autosomal recessive

X-linked recessive (correct)

Autosomal dominant

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?

ITP is a genetic disorder resulting in the absence of platelet production.

ITP is caused by excessive production of platelets, leading to an increased risk of thrombosis.

ITP is characterized by the destruction of platelets by autoantibodies, leading to low platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding. (correct)

ITP is caused by a deficiency in clotting factors, leading to impaired platelet function.

What is a key difference between leukemia and lymphoma?

Leukemia primarily affects the bone marrow and blood, while lymphoma primarily affects the lymph nodes and lymphatic system. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential effect of anemia on the circulatory system?

Hemodilution Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of chronic severe anemia in children?

Growth restriction Signup and view all the answers

How is anemia severity assessed in pediatric patients?

Considering age and ethnic background Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aim of therapeutic management for anemia in children?

Reversing anemia by treating the underlying cause Signup and view all the answers

How may anemia be suspected in pediatric patients?

Based on health history and physical examination Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential cause of anemia with reduced Hgb concentration?

Dietary iron depletion Signup and view all the answers

What are the various types of anemia classification mentioned in the text?

Normocytes, macrocytes, and normochromic Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of anemia on oxygen availability to cells?

Decreased oxygen availability to cells Signup and view all the answers

Why do children with anemia often function well despite low Hgb levels?

They can compensate for reduced oxygen-carrying capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the anemia assessment for pediatric patients?

Eliciting information to identify the cause of anemia Signup and view all the answers

What may pediatric patients undergo to identify the cause of anemia?

Multiple blood tests Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of anemia on the circulatory system?

Decreased peripheral resistance Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common hematological disorder in childhood?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What does the reticulocyte count indicate?

Red blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?

It indicates the body's capability to handle bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stained peripheral blood smear?

To observe variations in size and shape of RBCs Signup and view all the answers

Which test is essential in identifying infections, inflammation, and other conditions?

WBC count Signup and view all the answers

What do anemias classify based on?

Color of RBCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nurses in identifying hematological dysfunction?

Identifying based on health history and physical examination Signup and view all the answers

Which component is necessary for clotting to occur?

Platelets Signup and view all the answers

What does the WBC differential count quantify?

Different types of leukocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the index of production of mature RBCs by bone marrow?

Reticulocyte count Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common and valuable test used in pediatric hematological disorders?

Complete blood cell count (CBC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the capability indicated by the absolute neutrophil count (ANC)?

Body's ability to handle bacterial infections Signup and view all the answers

What is a nurse's responsibility in managing pediatric anemia?

Explaining test significance, encouraging parental presence, and involving the child in the procedure Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the definitive diagnosis of certain anemias like aplastic anemia?

Bone marrow aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial in anemia management?

Decreasing tissue oxygen needs Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the high prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in Canadian Indigenous infants?

Poverty, food insecurity, and reduced iron intake Signup and view all the answers

Who is at risk for iron-deficiency anemia due to rapid growth and poor eating habits?

Adolescents Signup and view all the answers

What can result in iron-deficiency anemia?

Factors affecting iron supply, absorption, or body's need for iron Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for low birth weight and preterm infants?

Iron supplementation Signup and view all the answers

How can infant iron status be improved and the risk of iron deficiency reduced?

Delayed clamping of the umbilical cord Signup and view all the answers

What can reduce pain during needle punctures in pediatric patients?

Eutectic mix of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) Signup and view all the answers

What is vital in monitoring and preventing complications in pediatric anemia?

Monitoring and preventing complications such as infection and tissue hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What are risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia?

Chronic illness, suboptimal iron intake, and prolonged bottle feeding Signup and view all the answers

What is a method to reduce pain during needle punctures in pediatric patients?

Eutectic mix of lidocaine and prilocaine (EMLA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended iron concentration in formula for formula-fed infants for the first 9 to 12 months?

6.5 mg/L to 13 mg/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason fresh cow's milk should not be given to infants younger than 9 to 12 months?

It may increase the risk of gastrointestinal blood loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in relation to iron absorption?

It may aid iron absorption Signup and view all the answers

When is parenteral iron administration reserved for children?

For children with iron malabsorption, chronic hemoglobinuria, or intolerance to oral preparations Signup and view all the answers

What are transfusions indicated for in children with iron-deficiency anemia?

Severe anemia, serious infection, cardiac dysfunction, or surgical emergencies requiring anesthesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential association of iron-deficiency anemia with later cognitive impairments, seizures, and strokes?

Partially established Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial therapeutic management of iron-deficiency anemia in children?

Increasing supplemental iron through dietary counseling and oral iron supplements Signup and view all the answers

Which type of iron is more readily absorbed, leading to higher hemoglobin levels?

Ferrous iron Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if oral therapy fails to increase hemoglobin levels after 1 month?

Assess causes for anemia Signup and view all the answers

What may be necessary in addition to dietary addition of iron-rich foods for managing iron-deficiency anemia in children?

Prescription of oral iron supplements Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended iron supplements for managing iron-deficiency anemia in children?

Oral iron supplements only Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nursing care in managing iron-deficiency anemia in children?

Educating parents on iron administration, monitoring for adverse effects, and preventing nutritional anemia through family education and dietary recommendations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main nursing consideration for children with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)?

Supporting the family in the care of a terminally ill child Signup and view all the answers

What is the only curative therapy for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)?

HSCT from a matched donor Signup and view all the answers

What may be the presenting symptom at birth for a child with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)?

Bloody diarrhea due to thrombocytopenia Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical characteristic of eczema in children with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS)?

It is easily super-infected Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Therapeutic Management of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Children

Iron-deficiency anemia in children is managed by increasing supplemental iron through dietary counseling and oral iron supplements.
Formula-fed infants are recommended to consume formula containing 6.5 mg/L to 13 mg/L of iron for the first 9 to 12 months, supplemented with iron-rich foods after 6 months of age.
Iron-fortified formula provides a predictable amount of iron without increasing gastrointestinal symptoms.
Fresh cow's milk should not be given to infants younger than 9 to 12 months as it may increase the risk of gastrointestinal blood loss.
Dietary addition of iron-rich foods alone may be inadequate, necessitating the prescription of oral iron supplements.
Ferrous iron is more readily absorbed than ferric iron, leading to higher hemoglobin levels.
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) may aid iron absorption and can be given with iron preparations.
If oral therapy fails to increase hemoglobin levels after 1 month, causes for anemia should be assessed.
Parenteral iron administration is reserved for children with iron malabsorption, chronic hemoglobinuria, or intolerance to oral preparations.
Transfusions are indicated for severe anemia, serious infection, cardiac dysfunction, or surgical emergencies requiring anesthesia, with packed RBCs used to minimize circulatory overload.
Iron-deficiency anemia may be associated with later cognitive impairments, seizures, strokes, and other adverse effects, although not unequivocally established.
Nursing care involves educating parents on iron administration, monitoring for adverse effects, and preventing nutritional anemia through family education and dietary recommendations.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the therapeutic management of iron-deficiency anemia in children with this quiz. Explore guidelines for iron supplementation, dietary recommendations, and nursing care to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.