42 Questions
Which clinical stage of WHO classification includes persistent generalized lymphadenopathy?
Clinical Stage 1
Which condition is included in WHO Clinical Stage 2 of HIV disease classification?
Seborrhoeic dermatitis
Which stage of WHO classification includes unexplained persistent fever and diarrhea for longer than one month?
Clinical Stage 3
Which clinical stage of WHO classification involves moderate unexplained malnutrition not adequately responding to standard therapy?
Clinical Stage 3
What does EID refer to in the context of HIV?
Testing all HIV exposed babies to determine their true HIV status
What is the purpose of PEP in the context of HIV?
To block acquisition of HIV infection after exposure
What is the primary goal of PMTCT in the context of HIV?
To ensure that HIV infection is not transmitted during pregnancy and lactation periods
What is the purpose of PrEP in the context of HIV?
To reduce the chances of becoming infected for high-risk individuals
What percentage of children under 15 years infected with HIV daily are in sub-Saharan Africa?
90%
In 2019, how many people were living with HIV in Nigeria?
1.8 million
How many of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years?
220,000
What percentage of deaths worldwide does AIDS account for?
3%
How many deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses?
150,000
What percentage of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
36%
What challenges do children in Nigeria with HIV face?
Access to primary HIV care
When does HIV viral load in newborns increase within the first few months?
Within the first 2 months
Which HIV types are prevalent in Nigeria?
Both HIV-1 and HIV-2
What does the HIV genome include regions encoding for?
Viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope
What is the primary target of HIV in the human body?
CD4+ T-helper cells
Match the following HIV-related terms with their definitions:
HIV Retesting = A second HIV test conducted after the first positive result, recommended before initiation of ART HTS = HIV testing services PMTCT = Prevention of mother-child transmission, includes strategies for ensuring that HIV infection is not transmitted during pregnancy and lactation periods EID = Early infant diagnosis, refers to testing all HIV exposed babies to determine their true HIV status by detecting the presence of HIV DNA using PCR
Match the following HIV prevention strategies with their descriptions:
PrEP = Pre-exposure prophylaxis, oral ART for people at very high risk for HIV infection to reduce the chances of becoming infected PEP = Post-exposure prophylaxis, the use of oral ART after exposure to block acquisition of HIV infection CPT = Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy, the use of cotrimoxazole in all HIV positive patients to prevent the development of various infections including PJP ART = Anti-retroviral therapy, the use of 3 or more ARVs to achieve better viral suppression; also known as HAART or cART
Match the following terms with their HIV-related significance:
HAART = Highly active anti-retroviral therapy, a combination of ARVs to achieve better viral suppression PCR = Polymerase chain reaction, used in EID to detect the presence of HIV DNA in HIV-exposed babies Discordant couple = People at very high risk for HIV infection, who may benefit from PrEP Rape victims = Individuals who may benefit from PEP after exposure to block acquisition of HIV infection
Match the following HIV-related terms with their target population or purpose:
CPT = Targeted at all HIV positive patients to prevent the development of various infections including PJP PMTCT = Aimed at ensuring that HIV infection is not transmitted during pregnancy and lactation periods PrEP = For people at very high risk for HIV infection to reduce the chances of becoming infected EID = Testing all HIV exposed babies to determine their true HIV status by detecting the presence of HIV DNA using PCR
True or false: PEP is the use of oral ART after exposure to block acquisition of HIV infection, for example, in rape victims.
True
True or false: PMTCT includes strategies for ensuring that HIV infection is not transmitted during pregnancy and lactation periods.
True
True or false: CPT is the use of cotrimoxazole in all HIV positive patients to prevent the development of a variety of infections including PJP.
True
WHO Clinical Stage 3 includes oral candidiasis outside neonatal period.
True
WHO Clinical Stage 2 includes extensive human papilloma virus infection.
True
WHO Clinical Stage 1 includes pulmonary TB.
False
WHO Clinical Stage 3 involves persistent diarrhea for 7 days or more.
False
Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria began with a 13-year-old female hawker in Calabar, Cross Rivers state in 1986.
True
Nigeria had 1.8 million people living with HIV in 2019, making it the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally.
True
220,000 of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years.
True
AIDS accounts for 3% of deaths worldwide and 6% in sub-Saharan Africa.
True
150,000 deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses.
True
HIV viral load in newborns increases within the first 2 months and declines after 2-3 years.
False
HIV types 1 and 2 are prevalent in Nigeria, with HIV-2 occurring principally in West Africa.
True
The HIV genome includes regions encoding for viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope.
True
HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to progressive immunosuppression and increased incidence of opportunistic infections.
True
Only 36% of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART).
True
1,500 children under 15 years are infected with HIV daily, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa.
True
Children in Nigeria face challenges like intercurrent infections, malnutrition, delayed diagnosis, and lack of access to primary HIV care.
True
Study Notes
Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria
- In 1986, the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria was a 13-year-old female hawker in Calabar, Cross Rivers state
- 1,500 children under 15 years are infected with HIV daily, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa
- Nigeria had 1.8 million people living with HIV in 2019, the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally
- 220,000 of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years
- AIDS accounts for 3% of deaths worldwide and 6% in sub-Saharan Africa
- 150,000 deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses
- Only 36% of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)
- Children in Nigeria face challenges like intercurrent infections, malnutrition, delayed diagnosis, and lack of access to primary HIV care
- HIV viral load in newborns increases within the first 2 months and declines after 23 years
- HIV types 1 and 2 are prevalent in Nigeria, with HIV-2 occurring principally in West Africa
- The HIV genome includes regions encoding for viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope
- HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to progressive immunosuppression and increased incidence of opportunistic infections
Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria
- In 1986, the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria was a 13-year-old female hawker in Calabar, Cross Rivers state
- 1,500 children under 15 years are infected with HIV daily, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa
- Nigeria had 1.8 million people living with HIV in 2019, the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally
- 220,000 of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years
- AIDS accounts for 3% of deaths worldwide and 6% in sub-Saharan Africa
- 150,000 deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses
- Only 36% of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)
- Children in Nigeria face challenges like intercurrent infections, malnutrition, delayed diagnosis, and lack of access to primary HIV care
- HIV viral load in newborns increases within the first 2 months and declines after 23 years
- HIV types 1 and 2 are prevalent in Nigeria, with HIV-2 occurring principally in West Africa
- The HIV genome includes regions encoding for viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope
- HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to progressive immunosuppression and increased incidence of opportunistic infections
Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria
- In 1986, the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria was a 13-year-old female hawker in Calabar, Cross Rivers state
- 1,500 children under 15 years are infected with HIV daily, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa
- Nigeria had 1.8 million people living with HIV in 2019, the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally
- 220,000 of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years
- AIDS accounts for 3% of deaths worldwide and 6% in sub-Saharan Africa
- 150,000 deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses
- Only 36% of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)
- Children in Nigeria face challenges like intercurrent infections, malnutrition, delayed diagnosis, and lack of access to primary HIV care
- HIV viral load in newborns increases within the first 2 months and declines after 23 years
- HIV types 1 and 2 are prevalent in Nigeria, with HIV-2 occurring principally in West Africa
- The HIV genome includes regions encoding for viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope
- HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to progressive immunosuppression and increased incidence of opportunistic infections
Test your knowledge of pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria with this informative quiz. Explore key facts about the prevalence, impact, and challenges faced by children living with HIV in Nigeria, as well as important aspects of the virus and its effects on the immune system.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
