Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria
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Questions and Answers

Which clinical stage of WHO classification includes persistent generalized lymphadenopathy?

  • Clinical Stage 1 (correct)
  • Clinical Stage 3
  • Clinical Stage 4
  • Clinical Stage 2

    • Which condition is included in WHO Clinical Stage 2 of HIV disease classification?

  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Chronic hypertension
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis (correct)

    • Which stage of WHO classification includes unexplained persistent fever and diarrhea for longer than one month?

  • Clinical Stage 3 (correct)
  • Clinical Stage 4
  • Clinical Stage 2
  • Clinical Stage 1

    • Which clinical stage of WHO classification involves moderate unexplained malnutrition not adequately responding to standard therapy?

    <p>Clinical Stage 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EID refer to in the context of HIV?

    <p>Testing all HIV exposed babies to determine their true HIV status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of PEP in the context of HIV?

    <p>To block acquisition of HIV infection after exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of PMTCT in the context of HIV?

    <p>To ensure that HIV infection is not transmitted during pregnancy and lactation periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of PrEP in the context of HIV?

    <p>To reduce the chances of becoming infected for high-risk individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children under 15 years infected with HIV daily are in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In 2019, how many people were living with HIV in Nigeria?

    <p>1.8 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years?

    <p>220,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of deaths worldwide does AIDS account for?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses?

    <p>150,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

    <p>36%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenges do children in Nigeria with HIV face?

    <p>Access to primary HIV care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does HIV viral load in newborns increase within the first few months?

    <p>Within the first 2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HIV types are prevalent in Nigeria?

    <p>Both HIV-1 and HIV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the HIV genome include regions encoding for?

    <p>Viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target of HIV in the human body?

    <p>CD4+ T-helper cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following HIV-related terms with their definitions:

    <p>HIV Retesting = A second HIV test conducted after the first positive result, recommended before initiation of ART HTS = HIV testing services PMTCT = Prevention of mother-child transmission, includes strategies for ensuring that HIV infection is not transmitted during pregnancy and lactation periods EID = Early infant diagnosis, refers to testing all HIV exposed babies to determine their true HIV status by detecting the presence of HIV DNA using PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following HIV prevention strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>PrEP = Pre-exposure prophylaxis, oral ART for people at very high risk for HIV infection to reduce the chances of becoming infected PEP = Post-exposure prophylaxis, the use of oral ART after exposure to block acquisition of HIV infection CPT = Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy, the use of cotrimoxazole in all HIV positive patients to prevent the development of various infections including PJP ART = Anti-retroviral therapy, the use of 3 or more ARVs to achieve better viral suppression; also known as HAART or cART</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their HIV-related significance:

    <p>HAART = Highly active anti-retroviral therapy, a combination of ARVs to achieve better viral suppression PCR = Polymerase chain reaction, used in EID to detect the presence of HIV DNA in HIV-exposed babies Discordant couple = People at very high risk for HIV infection, who may benefit from PrEP Rape victims = Individuals who may benefit from PEP after exposure to block acquisition of HIV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following HIV-related terms with their target population or purpose:

    <p>CPT = Targeted at all HIV positive patients to prevent the development of various infections including PJP PMTCT = Aimed at ensuring that HIV infection is not transmitted during pregnancy and lactation periods PrEP = For people at very high risk for HIV infection to reduce the chances of becoming infected EID = Testing all HIV exposed babies to determine their true HIV status by detecting the presence of HIV DNA using PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: PEP is the use of oral ART after exposure to block acquisition of HIV infection, for example, in rape victims.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: PMTCT includes strategies for ensuring that HIV infection is not transmitted during pregnancy and lactation periods.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: CPT is the use of cotrimoxazole in all HIV positive patients to prevent the development of a variety of infections including PJP.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    WHO Clinical Stage 3 includes oral candidiasis outside neonatal period.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    WHO Clinical Stage 2 includes extensive human papilloma virus infection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    WHO Clinical Stage 1 includes pulmonary TB.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    WHO Clinical Stage 3 involves persistent diarrhea for 7 days or more.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria began with a 13-year-old female hawker in Calabar, Cross Rivers state in 1986.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nigeria had 1.8 million people living with HIV in 2019, making it the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    220,000 of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    AIDS accounts for 3% of deaths worldwide and 6% in sub-Saharan Africa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    150,000 deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HIV viral load in newborns increases within the first 2 months and declines after 2-3 years.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HIV types 1 and 2 are prevalent in Nigeria, with HIV-2 occurring principally in West Africa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The HIV genome includes regions encoding for viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to progressive immunosuppression and increased incidence of opportunistic infections.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only 36% of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1,500 children under 15 years are infected with HIV daily, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children in Nigeria face challenges like intercurrent infections, malnutrition, delayed diagnosis, and lack of access to primary HIV care.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria

    • In 1986, the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria was a 13-year-old female hawker in Calabar, Cross Rivers state
    • 1,500 children under 15 years are infected with HIV daily, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Nigeria had 1.8 million people living with HIV in 2019, the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally
    • 220,000 of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years
    • AIDS accounts for 3% of deaths worldwide and 6% in sub-Saharan Africa
    • 150,000 deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses
    • Only 36% of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)
    • Children in Nigeria face challenges like intercurrent infections, malnutrition, delayed diagnosis, and lack of access to primary HIV care
    • HIV viral load in newborns increases within the first 2 months and declines after 23 years
    • HIV types 1 and 2 are prevalent in Nigeria, with HIV-2 occurring principally in West Africa
    • The HIV genome includes regions encoding for viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope
    • HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to progressive immunosuppression and increased incidence of opportunistic infections

    Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria

    • In 1986, the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria was a 13-year-old female hawker in Calabar, Cross Rivers state
    • 1,500 children under 15 years are infected with HIV daily, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Nigeria had 1.8 million people living with HIV in 2019, the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally
    • 220,000 of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years
    • AIDS accounts for 3% of deaths worldwide and 6% in sub-Saharan Africa
    • 150,000 deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses
    • Only 36% of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)
    • Children in Nigeria face challenges like intercurrent infections, malnutrition, delayed diagnosis, and lack of access to primary HIV care
    • HIV viral load in newborns increases within the first 2 months and declines after 23 years
    • HIV types 1 and 2 are prevalent in Nigeria, with HIV-2 occurring principally in West Africa
    • The HIV genome includes regions encoding for viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope
    • HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to progressive immunosuppression and increased incidence of opportunistic infections

    Pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria

    • In 1986, the first reported case of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria was a 13-year-old female hawker in Calabar, Cross Rivers state
    • 1,500 children under 15 years are infected with HIV daily, with 90% in sub-Saharan Africa
    • Nigeria had 1.8 million people living with HIV in 2019, the fourth-largest HIV epidemic globally
    • 220,000 of those living with HIV in Nigeria were children aged 0-19 years
    • AIDS accounts for 3% of deaths worldwide and 6% in sub-Saharan Africa
    • 150,000 deaths occurred in Nigeria in 2017 due to HIV/AIDS-related illnesses
    • Only 36% of eligible children in Nigeria receive antiretroviral therapy (ART)
    • Children in Nigeria face challenges like intercurrent infections, malnutrition, delayed diagnosis, and lack of access to primary HIV care
    • HIV viral load in newborns increases within the first 2 months and declines after 23 years
    • HIV types 1 and 2 are prevalent in Nigeria, with HIV-2 occurring principally in West Africa
    • The HIV genome includes regions encoding for viral core proteins, enzymes, and the viral envelope
    • HIV primarily targets CD4+ T-helper cells, leading to progressive immunosuppression and increased incidence of opportunistic infections

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of pediatric HIV/AIDS in Nigeria with this informative quiz. Explore key facts about the prevalence, impact, and challenges faced by children living with HIV in Nigeria, as well as important aspects of the virus and its effects on the immune system.

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