Pediatric Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
26 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary ion found in extracellular fluids?

  • Magnesium
  • Calcium
  • Potassium
  • Sodium (correct)

    • Which condition occurs when the sodium concentration in the plasma drops below 130 mmol/L?

  • Hypokalemia
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Hyponatremia (correct)
  • Hypernatremia

    • What are symptoms of hyponatremia similar to?

  • Heat illness (correct)
  • Flu
  • Hypothermia
  • Dehydration

    • Which of the following is vital to prevent fatigue and impairment of muscular performance during exercise?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common electrolyte disorder encountered in patients with chronic illness?

    <p>Alteration in body compartments due to varied levels of minerals and abnormal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to assess the effects of fluid and electrolyte restriction on muscle function compared to cardiovascular function during exercise?

    <p>Muscle function assessment during exercise is more complex than cardiovascular performance assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte is involved with muscle function along with sodium, potassium, and magnesium?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the initial step in correcting an electrolyte disorder in a chronic ill patient?

    <p>Assess the risk of the particular electrolyte disorder and urgency of repletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptoms may indicate manifestations of electrolyte disorders in chronic ill patients?

    <p>Acute confusion and seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a careful history and physical examination play in detecting electrolyte disorders in chronic ill patients?

    <p>They help establish a directed cause of an electrolyte disorder without further tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason fluid and electrolyte disturbances are common in pediatric patients?

    <p>Their inability to maintain homeostasis during periods of fever and infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult for clinicians to assess the severity of dehydration in pediatric patients?

    <p>Their limited ability to communicate physiologic derangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily fluid intake requirement for pediatric patients to excrete waste and maintain a reasonable balance?

    <p>500-600 ml/m2 per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for a change in therapy from oral rehydration to IV repletion in pediatric patients?

    <p>No improvement or an increase in morbidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are insensible water losses proportionally less than those of adults in pediatric patients?

    <p>Their larger percentage of total body water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the limitations of the kidneys in pediatric patients regarding changes in water balance?

    <p>Their ability to concentrate or dilute the urine in response to changes in water balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of the development of hyponatremia in some children?

    <p>Excess sodium in maintenance solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalances can potentially lead to hyperchloremic acidosis and hyperkalemia?

    <p>Excess sodium, chloride, and potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main emphasis in preventing electrolyte disturbances in children?

    <p>Use of oral rehydration solutions and early resumption of normal diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of dehydration in elderly patients admitted to hospital?

    <p>1 in 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of developing hyponatremia when treating heart failure with intravenous furosemide in elderly patients?

    <p>9.3% per treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sodium concentration is recommended for oral rehydration solutions for athletes with minimal to moderate sodium deficits?

    <p>90 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the carbohydrate concentration recommended in oral rehydration solutions for athletes with minimal to moderate sodium deficits?

    <p>2-4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population benefits most from rapid fluid replacement and re-establishment of sodium balance?

    <p>Athletes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an independent predictor of mortality in elderly patients admitted with hip fractures?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte abnormality can be caused by the treatment of heart failure with intravenous furosemide in elderly patients?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser