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Questions and Answers
What is the most common causative microorganism of osteomyelitis?
What is the most common causative microorganism of osteomyelitis?
- Pneumococcal
- Salmonella
- Group B streptococci
- Staphylococcus aureus (correct)
What is the most common postinfectious renal disease in childhood?
What is the most common postinfectious renal disease in childhood?
- Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (correct)
- Antibiotic therapy
- Diuretics
- Circulatory congestion
Which of the following is a symptom of hematogenous osteomyelitis?
Which of the following is a symptom of hematogenous osteomyelitis?
- Increased range of motion in the affected limb
- Coolness
- Decreased range of motion in the affected limb (correct)
- Hypertension
What is the age range when osteomyelitis is most frequently seen?
What is the age range when osteomyelitis is most frequently seen?
What is the most common infection associated with Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
What is the most common infection associated with Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
What is the primary source of infection for osteomyelitis in neonates?
What is the primary source of infection for osteomyelitis in neonates?
What is the primary source of infection for osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell?
What is the primary source of infection for osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell?
What diagnostic test is used to evaluate osteomyelitis?
What diagnostic test is used to evaluate osteomyelitis?
What is the function of the kidneys in maintaining blood pressure?
What is the function of the kidneys in maintaining blood pressure?
What is the main function of the kidneys in terms of waste removal?
What is the main function of the kidneys in terms of waste removal?
What is the term for the clinical state characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema?
What is the term for the clinical state characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema?
What is the role of the kidneys in calcium absorption?
What is the role of the kidneys in calcium absorption?
What is the term for the initial step in the filtration of blood?
What is the term for the initial step in the filtration of blood?
What is the effect of increased glomerular permeability to plasma protein?
What is the effect of increased glomerular permeability to plasma protein?
What is the term for the primary disease known as idiopathic nephrosis or minimal-change nephrotic syndrome?
What is the term for the primary disease known as idiopathic nephrosis or minimal-change nephrotic syndrome?
What is the term for the congenital form of nephrotic syndrome?
What is the term for the congenital form of nephrotic syndrome?
What is the most sensitive diagnostic radiologic tool for diagnosing osteomyelitis?
What is the most sensitive diagnostic radiologic tool for diagnosing osteomyelitis?
What is the age group for which Kingella kingae is commonly associated with osteomyelitis?
What is the age group for which Kingella kingae is commonly associated with osteomyelitis?
What is the purpose of administering a probiotic to some children?
What is the purpose of administering a probiotic to some children?
What is a characteristic of chronic osteomyelitis?
What is a characteristic of chronic osteomyelitis?
What is the purpose of positioning the child comfortably with the affected limb well supported?
What is the purpose of positioning the child comfortably with the affected limb well supported?
What is the treatment for subacute osteomyelitis?
What is the treatment for subacute osteomyelitis?
What is the name of the type of abscess that may occur in subacute osteomyelitis?
What is the name of the type of abscess that may occur in subacute osteomyelitis?
What is the purpose of applying a temporary splint and cast?
What is the purpose of applying a temporary splint and cast?
What is the primary function of the synovial membrane?
What is the primary function of the synovial membrane?
What is a common complication of septic arthritis?
What is a common complication of septic arthritis?
What is a predisposing factor for the development of septic arthritis?
What is a predisposing factor for the development of septic arthritis?
What is the term for the inflammation of a synovial membrane with purulent effusion into the joint capsule?
What is the term for the inflammation of a synovial membrane with purulent effusion into the joint capsule?
What is a symptom of septic arthritis?
What is a symptom of septic arthritis?
What is a type of arthritis that is caused by an autoimmune response?
What is a type of arthritis that is caused by an autoimmune response?
What is the most common joint affected by septic arthritis?
What is the most common joint affected by septic arthritis?
What is a factor that contributes to the development of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a factor that contributes to the development of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?
What happens to the normal blood glucose level around 3 am?
What happens to the normal blood glucose level around 3 am?
What is the purpose of decreasing the nocturnal dose of insulin?
What is the purpose of decreasing the nocturnal dose of insulin?
What stimulates the counterregulatory hormones during a rebound rise?
What stimulates the counterregulatory hormones during a rebound rise?
How often should blood glucose levels and urinary ketones be monitored?
How often should blood glucose levels and urinary ketones be monitored?
What happens to insulin if it is frozen?
What happens to insulin if it is frozen?
When should the healthcare practitioner be notified?
When should the healthcare practitioner be notified?
Why is it important for parents to understand the characteristics of various types of insulins?
Why is it important for parents to understand the characteristics of various types of insulins?
What happens to the insulin dosage during illness?
What happens to the insulin dosage during illness?
Study Notes
Pediatric Disorders
- The kidney releases erythropoietin, which stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells, and regulates water balance in the body.
- The kidneys also remove wastes, such as urea, uric acid, and toxins, from the blood through urine.
- They activate vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium, and maintain acid-base balance in the body.
- The kidneys also help regulate blood pressure and maintain a balance of electrolytes, like potassium, sodium, and calcium, which is critical for heart rhythm.
Nephrotic Syndrome
- A clinical state characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema.
- Can occur as a primary disease known as idiopathic nephrosis, childhood nephrosis, or minimal-change nephrotic syndrome.
- Can also occur as a secondary disorder after glomerular damage with a known or presumed cause.
- Characterized by increased glomerular permeability to plasma protein, resulting in massive urinary protein loss.
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN)
- The most common postinfectious renal disease in childhood.
- Associated with pneumococcal, streptococcal, and viral infections.
Infections of Bones and Joints
- Osteomyelitis can occur at any age, but most frequently seen in children under 10 years old.
- Most commonly affected bones include the foot, femur, tibia, and pelvis.
- Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative microorganism.
- Other causative microorganisms include group B streptococci for neonates, Salmonella for children with sickle cell disease, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae for sexually active adolescents.
Septic Arthritis
- Inflammation of a synovial membrane with purulent effusion into the joint capsule due to infection.
- Most common joints affected are knees, hips, ankles, and elbows.
- Clinical manifestations include severe joint pain, swelling, warmth of overlying tissue, and erythema.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
- A chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease causing inflammation of joints and other tissues with unknown cause.
- Hypothesized causes include immunogenic susceptibility and environmental or external triggers such as viruses.
- Few known genetic risk factors contribute to the disease.
- Clinical manifestations vary and are unpredictable, potentially causing significant joint deformity and functional disability.
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Description
This quiz covers pediatric disorders related to kidney functions, including erythropoietin production and body water regulation.
