Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) for Pediatric Specialists
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Questions and Answers

What is the underlying cause of hyperkalemia in hypokalemic (Type IV) RTA?

  • Excessive potassium supplementation
  • Impaired aldosterone production (correct)
  • Increased proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate
  • Dehydration due to polyuria

    • What is the primary goal of treatment in RTA?

  • Correcting hypokalemia
  • Correcting acidosis completely (correct)
  • Reducing polyuria
  • Restoring normal growth

    • What is the role of thiazide diuretics in the treatment of RTA?

  • To treat hyperkalemia
  • To reduce polyuria
  • To correct hypokalemia
  • To increase proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate (correct)

    • What is the purpose of administering potassium as a salt in RTA treatment?

    <p>To concurrently treat hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to treat hyperkalemia in RTA?

    <p>Chelating drugs like kayexalate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic tool used to assess electrolyte imbalance in RTA?

    <p>24-hour urine collection for electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal for children on maintenance dialysis?

    <p>To receive a kidney transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of insufficient renal transport of bicarbonate or acids in the kidneys?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of most bicarbonate?

    <p>Proximal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome that presents with failure to thrive and is associated with proximal RTA type 2?

    <p>Fanconi syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of deficient hydrogen secretion into the filtrate in distal RTA?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the reabsorption and secretion site in the kidneys?

    <p>Nephron tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the type of RTA that results from combined proximal and distal defects?

    <p>Type 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with proximal RTA type 2 and distal RTA type 1?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of renal osteodystrophy (ROD)?

    <p>Secondary hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cardiovascular complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

    <p>Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of dietary management in children with advanced CKD?

    <p>Provide adequate nutrition, even if it requires dietary supplements and tube feedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in children with CKD?

    <p>To treat hypertension and proteinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

    <p>Renal transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?

    <p>It can be done at home by the family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for children with stages 3 and 4 CKD?

    <p>They have a high likelihood of progressing to ESRD at some point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for avoiding potentially nephrotoxic medications in children with CKD?

    <p>To avoid further kidney damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indicator of kidney damage in CKD?

    <p>Markers of kidney damage in blood or urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of CKD do complications typically manifest?

    <p>Stage 3 CKD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of anemia in CKD?

    <p>Failure to produce adequate erythropoietin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of CKD that presents between birth and 10 years of age?

    <p>Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for growth failure in CKD?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis and hormonal abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of CKD is renal transplantation typically considered?

    <p>Stage 5 CKD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of chronic kidney disease?

    <p>Kidney damage for &gt; 3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may renal function deteriorate during puberty in CKD?

    <p>Because of increased demands on the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

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