30 Questions
What is the underlying cause of hyperkalemia in hypokalemic (Type IV) RTA?
Impaired aldosterone production
What is the primary goal of treatment in RTA?
Correcting acidosis completely
What is the role of thiazide diuretics in the treatment of RTA?
To increase proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate
What is the purpose of administering potassium as a salt in RTA treatment?
To concurrently treat hypokalemia
What is used to treat hyperkalemia in RTA?
Chelating drugs like kayexalate
What is the diagnostic tool used to assess electrolyte imbalance in RTA?
24-hour urine collection for electrolytes
What is the primary goal for children on maintenance dialysis?
To receive a kidney transplant
What is the result of insufficient renal transport of bicarbonate or acids in the kidneys?
Metabolic acidosis
Which part of the nephron tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of most bicarbonate?
Proximal tubule
What is the name of the syndrome that presents with failure to thrive and is associated with proximal RTA type 2?
Fanconi syndrome
What is the result of deficient hydrogen secretion into the filtrate in distal RTA?
Metabolic acidosis
What is the term for the reabsorption and secretion site in the kidneys?
Nephron tubules
What is the name of the type of RTA that results from combined proximal and distal defects?
Type 3
What is a common symptom associated with proximal RTA type 2 and distal RTA type 1?
Hypokalemia
What is the primary cause of renal osteodystrophy (ROD)?
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
What is a common cardiovascular complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy
What is the primary goal of dietary management in children with advanced CKD?
Provide adequate nutrition, even if it requires dietary supplements and tube feedings
What is the primary benefit of using ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in children with CKD?
To treat hypertension and proteinuria
What is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?
Renal transplantation
What is the primary advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?
It can be done at home by the family
What is the primary concern for children with stages 3 and 4 CKD?
They have a high likelihood of progressing to ESRD at some point
What is the primary reason for avoiding potentially nephrotoxic medications in children with CKD?
To avoid further kidney damage
What is the primary indicator of kidney damage in CKD?
Markers of kidney damage in blood or urine
At what stage of CKD do complications typically manifest?
Stage 3 CKD
What is the primary cause of anemia in CKD?
Failure to produce adequate erythropoietin
What is the most common cause of CKD that presents between birth and 10 years of age?
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract
What is the primary reason for growth failure in CKD?
Metabolic acidosis and hormonal abnormalities
At what stage of CKD is renal transplantation typically considered?
Stage 5 CKD
What is the definition of chronic kidney disease?
Kidney damage for > 3 months
Why may renal function deteriorate during puberty in CKD?
Because of increased demands on the kidneys
This quiz covers the definition, etiology, and other essential topics related to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) specifically designed for pediatric specialists. It includes kidney damage, GFR, and other abnormalities.
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