Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) for Pediatric Specialists

What is the underlying cause of hyperkalemia in hypokalemic (Type IV) RTA?

Excessive potassium supplementation
Impaired aldosterone production (correct)
Increased proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate
Dehydration due to polyuria

What is the primary goal of treatment in RTA?

Correcting hypokalemia
Correcting acidosis completely (correct)
Reducing polyuria
Restoring normal growth

What is the role of thiazide diuretics in the treatment of RTA?

To treat hyperkalemia
To reduce polyuria
To correct hypokalemia
To increase proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate (correct)

What is the purpose of administering potassium as a salt in RTA treatment?

To concurrently treat hypokalemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is used to treat hyperkalemia in RTA?

Chelating drugs like kayexalate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic tool used to assess electrolyte imbalance in RTA?

24-hour urine collection for electrolytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal for children on maintenance dialysis?

To receive a kidney transplant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of insufficient renal transport of bicarbonate or acids in the kidneys?

Metabolic acidosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron tubule is responsible for the reabsorption of most bicarbonate?

Proximal tubule (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome that presents with failure to thrive and is associated with proximal RTA type 2?

Fanconi syndrome (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of deficient hydrogen secretion into the filtrate in distal RTA?

Metabolic acidosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reabsorption and secretion site in the kidneys?

Nephron tubules (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of RTA that results from combined proximal and distal defects?

Type 3 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with proximal RTA type 2 and distal RTA type 1?

Hypokalemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of renal osteodystrophy (ROD)?

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cardiovascular complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of dietary management in children with advanced CKD?

Provide adequate nutrition, even if it requires dietary supplements and tube feedings (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in children with CKD?

To treat hypertension and proteinuria (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Renal transplantation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared to hemodialysis?

It can be done at home by the family (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for children with stages 3 and 4 CKD?

They have a high likelihood of progressing to ESRD at some point (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding potentially nephrotoxic medications in children with CKD?

To avoid further kidney damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indicator of kidney damage in CKD?

Markers of kidney damage in blood or urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of CKD do complications typically manifest?

Stage 3 CKD (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of anemia in CKD?

Failure to produce adequate erythropoietin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of CKD that presents between birth and 10 years of age?

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for growth failure in CKD?

Metabolic acidosis and hormonal abnormalities (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of CKD is renal transplantation typically considered?

Stage 5 CKD (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of chronic kidney disease?

Kidney damage for > 3 months (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why may renal function deteriorate during puberty in CKD?

Because of increased demands on the kidneys (A) Signup and view all the answers