Peak and End of Relationship Psychology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason overdose might occur in drug users according to the text?

  • Increase in drug dosage
  • Compensatory responses to cues
  • Tolerance build-up to the drug
  • Taking the drug in a new place without familiar cues (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of Counterconditioning therapy in classical conditioning?

  • Increased pain sensitivity (correct)
  • Replacing bad or unpleasant responses with more pleasant ones
  • Aversion towards negative stimuli
  • Systematic desensitization

In classical conditioning, what is the aim of aversion therapy?

  • To make the client experience negativity in the presence of stimuli (correct)
  • To eliminate the presence of stimuli
  • To associate positive feelings with stimuli
  • To enhance tolerance towards stimuli

Which situation might lead to a higher risk of overdose for a drug user based on classical conditioning principles?

<p>Taking the drug in a new environment without familiar cues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation for a drug user to continue drug usage as per classical conditioning theory?

<p>Decreased pain sensitivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Counterconditioning?

<p>Replacing negative responses with more positive ones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used in aversion therapy to make the client feel repelled by a stimulus?

<p>$\text{Counterconditioning}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Counterconditioning differ from classical conditioning in terms of responses to stimuli?

<p>$\text{Counterconditioning}$ involves replacing negative responses with more positive ones, unlike classical conditioning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?

<p>High and steady rates of response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which schedule of reinforcement is characterized by a 'scallop' pattern of responding?

<p>Fixed Interval (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of a fixed interval schedule in terms of post-reinforcer pausing?

<p>Little or no post-reinforcer pausing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a variable interval schedule influence response rates?

<p>Slow and steady responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an operant behavior and classical conditioning?

<p>Operant behavior is under volitional control, while classical conditioning is automatic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior?

<p>Shaping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In shaping, which behavior is of interest to the experimenter?

<p>'Only final behavior' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Gamblers' schedule' refers to which type of reinforcement schedule?

<p>'Reinforcement contingent upon a varying number of responses' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept in developmental psychology that refers to a consistent and reliable source of support and comfort, typically provided by a primary caregiver?

<p>Secure Base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior involves seeking closeness or physical contact with a caregiver, especially in times of distress or uncertainty?

<p>Proximity seeking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological state involves seeking emotional closeness or connection with others through symbolic means?

<p>Symbolic proximity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In attachment theory, what is the evolving relationship between a child and their caregiver called?

<p>Goal-directed partnership (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which secondary affect regulation strategy is characterized by anxiety and a tendency to seek proximity to the attachment figure?

<p>Hyperactivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would older children typically reply when asked about their desired reward: pennies or candy?

<p>Candy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seeking aims to gain comfort, security, and reassurance during times of distress or uncertainty?

<p>Proximity seeking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Attachment based secondary affect regulation strategies' include hyperactivation and which other strategy?

<p>Deactivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of counterfactual thinking?

<p>Creating possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contrast effect in relationships?

<p>Comparing every subsequent experience with the initial feelings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dis-integration in the context of intense fear memories?

<p>Splitting off intense fear memories that are not integrated nor under conscious control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Tronick's Still Face Paradigm demonstrate?

<p>Demonstrating infant stress response when a mother stops reacting to her baby (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of brain development influences an infant's capacity to self-regulate emotions?

<p>Critical Periods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In upward counterfactual thinking, what kind of scenario is typically envisioned?

<p>&quot;I would have been here if I had done just a couple seconds faster&quot; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the concept of critical periods in brain development?

<p>(first 1.5 years) influence on the infant's emotional self-regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

"The Still Face Paradigm" is associated with which researcher's work?

<p>Tronick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary affect regulation strategy for individuals with a secure attachment style?

<p>Proximity seeking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to establish a secure therapeutic relationship before applying cognitive behavioral techniques?

<p>To enhance the benefits of psychotherapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does operant conditioning affect emotion-regulation strategies in children?

<p>It differentially reinforces or punishes strategies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might anxiously attached clients feel invalidated by directive approaches in therapy?

<p>As a result of cognitive behavioral approaches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence for clients with dismissing attachment styles in psychotherapy?

<p>Higher treatment resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does higher attachment avoidance relate to treatment dropout?

<p>It increases the likelihood of premature dropout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the therapist play when working with clients with disorganized attachment styles?

<p>Psychic organizer to provide stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can validating the adaptive significance of attachment style help anxiously attached clients?

<p>By reducing treatment resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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