Peak and End of Relationship Psychology Concepts

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What is the main reason overdose might occur in drug users according to the text?

Increase in drug dosage

Compensatory responses to cues

Tolerance build-up to the drug

Taking the drug in a new place without familiar cues (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of Counterconditioning therapy in classical conditioning?

Increased pain sensitivity (correct)

Replacing bad or unpleasant responses with more pleasant ones

Aversion towards negative stimuli

Systematic desensitization

In classical conditioning, what is the aim of aversion therapy?

To make the client experience negativity in the presence of stimuli (correct)

To eliminate the presence of stimuli

To associate positive feelings with stimuli

To enhance tolerance towards stimuli

Which situation might lead to a higher risk of overdose for a drug user based on classical conditioning principles?

Taking the drug in a new environment without familiar cues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motivation for a drug user to continue drug usage as per classical conditioning theory?

Decreased pain sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Counterconditioning?

Replacing negative responses with more positive ones Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used in aversion therapy to make the client feel repelled by a stimulus?

$\text{Counterconditioning}$ Signup and view all the answers

How does Counterconditioning differ from classical conditioning in terms of responses to stimuli?

$\text{Counterconditioning}$ involves replacing negative responses with more positive ones, unlike classical conditioning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?

High and steady rates of response Signup and view all the answers

Which schedule of reinforcement is characterized by a 'scallop' pattern of responding?

Fixed Interval Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of a fixed interval schedule in terms of post-reinforcer pausing?

Little or no post-reinforcer pausing Signup and view all the answers

How does a variable interval schedule influence response rates?

Slow and steady responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an operant behavior and classical conditioning?

Operant behavior is under volitional control, while classical conditioning is automatic Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior?

Shaping Signup and view all the answers

In shaping, which behavior is of interest to the experimenter?

'Only final behavior' Signup and view all the answers

'Gamblers' schedule' refers to which type of reinforcement schedule?

'Reinforcement contingent upon a varying number of responses' Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept in developmental psychology that refers to a consistent and reliable source of support and comfort, typically provided by a primary caregiver?

Secure Base Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior involves seeking closeness or physical contact with a caregiver, especially in times of distress or uncertainty?

Proximity seeking Signup and view all the answers

What psychological state involves seeking emotional closeness or connection with others through symbolic means?

Symbolic proximity Signup and view all the answers

In attachment theory, what is the evolving relationship between a child and their caregiver called?

Goal-directed partnership Signup and view all the answers

Which secondary affect regulation strategy is characterized by anxiety and a tendency to seek proximity to the attachment figure?

Hyperactivation Signup and view all the answers

What would older children typically reply when asked about their desired reward: pennies or candy?

Candy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of seeking aims to gain comfort, security, and reassurance during times of distress or uncertainty?

Proximity seeking Signup and view all the answers

'Attachment based secondary affect regulation strategies' include hyperactivation and which other strategy?

Deactivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of counterfactual thinking?

Creating possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred Signup and view all the answers

What is the contrast effect in relationships?

Comparing every subsequent experience with the initial feelings Signup and view all the answers

What is dis-integration in the context of intense fear memories?

Splitting off intense fear memories that are not integrated nor under conscious control Signup and view all the answers

What does Tronick's Still Face Paradigm demonstrate?

Demonstrating infant stress response when a mother stops reacting to her baby Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of brain development influences an infant's capacity to self-regulate emotions?

Critical Periods Signup and view all the answers

In upward counterfactual thinking, what kind of scenario is typically envisioned?

"I would have been here if I had done just a couple seconds faster" Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the concept of critical periods in brain development?

(first 1.5 years) influence on the infant's emotional self-regulation Signup and view all the answers

"The Still Face Paradigm" is associated with which researcher's work?

Tronick Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary affect regulation strategy for individuals with a secure attachment style?

Proximity seeking Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to establish a secure therapeutic relationship before applying cognitive behavioral techniques?

To enhance the benefits of psychotherapy Signup and view all the answers

How does operant conditioning affect emotion-regulation strategies in children?

It differentially reinforces or punishes strategies Signup and view all the answers

Why might anxiously attached clients feel invalidated by directive approaches in therapy?

As a result of cognitive behavioral approaches Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence for clients with dismissing attachment styles in psychotherapy?

Higher treatment resistance Signup and view all the answers

How does higher attachment avoidance relate to treatment dropout?

It increases the likelihood of premature dropout Signup and view all the answers

What role does the therapist play when working with clients with disorganized attachment styles?

Psychic organizer to provide stability Signup and view all the answers

How can validating the adaptive significance of attachment style help anxiously attached clients?

By reducing treatment resistance Signup and view all the answers

Peak and End of Relationship Psychology Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason overdose might occur in drug users according to the text?

Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of Counterconditioning therapy in classical conditioning?

In classical conditioning, what is the aim of aversion therapy?

Which situation might lead to a higher risk of overdose for a drug user based on classical conditioning principles?

What is the primary motivation for a drug user to continue drug usage as per classical conditioning theory?

Which of the following best describes Counterconditioning?

What technique is used in aversion therapy to make the client feel repelled by a stimulus?

How does Counterconditioning differ from classical conditioning in terms of responses to stimuli?

What is the defining characteristic of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Which schedule of reinforcement is characterized by a 'scallop' pattern of responding?

What is characteristic of a fixed interval schedule in terms of post-reinforcer pausing?

How does a variable interval schedule influence response rates?

What is the main difference between an operant behavior and classical conditioning?

What term is used to describe reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior?

In shaping, which behavior is of interest to the experimenter?

'Gamblers' schedule' refers to which type of reinforcement schedule?

What is the concept in developmental psychology that refers to a consistent and reliable source of support and comfort, typically provided by a primary caregiver?

Which behavior involves seeking closeness or physical contact with a caregiver, especially in times of distress or uncertainty?

What psychological state involves seeking emotional closeness or connection with others through symbolic means?

In attachment theory, what is the evolving relationship between a child and their caregiver called?

Which secondary affect regulation strategy is characterized by anxiety and a tendency to seek proximity to the attachment figure?

What would older children typically reply when asked about their desired reward: pennies or candy?

Which type of seeking aims to gain comfort, security, and reassurance during times of distress or uncertainty?

'Attachment based secondary affect regulation strategies' include hyperactivation and which other strategy?

What is the concept of counterfactual thinking?

What is the contrast effect in relationships?

What is dis-integration in the context of intense fear memories?

What does Tronick's Still Face Paradigm demonstrate?

Which aspect of brain development influences an infant's capacity to self-regulate emotions?

In upward counterfactual thinking, what kind of scenario is typically envisioned?

What characterizes the concept of critical periods in brain development?

"The Still Face Paradigm" is associated with which researcher's work?

What is the primary affect regulation strategy for individuals with a secure attachment style?

Why is it important to establish a secure therapeutic relationship before applying cognitive behavioral techniques?

How does operant conditioning affect emotion-regulation strategies in children?

Why might anxiously attached clients feel invalidated by directive approaches in therapy?

What is the potential consequence for clients with dismissing attachment styles in psychotherapy?

How does higher attachment avoidance relate to treatment dropout?

What role does the therapist play when working with clients with disorganized attachment styles?

How can validating the adaptive significance of attachment style help anxiously attached clients?

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