Peak and End of Relationship Psychology Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason overdose might occur in drug users according to the text?

  • Increase in drug dosage
  • Compensatory responses to cues
  • Tolerance build-up to the drug
  • Taking the drug in a new place without familiar cues (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of Counterconditioning therapy in classical conditioning?

  • Increased pain sensitivity (correct)
  • Replacing bad or unpleasant responses with more pleasant ones
  • Aversion towards negative stimuli
  • Systematic desensitization

    • In classical conditioning, what is the aim of aversion therapy?

  • To make the client experience negativity in the presence of stimuli (correct)
  • To eliminate the presence of stimuli
  • To associate positive feelings with stimuli
  • To enhance tolerance towards stimuli

    • Which situation might lead to a higher risk of overdose for a drug user based on classical conditioning principles?

    <p>Taking the drug in a new environment without familiar cues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary motivation for a drug user to continue drug usage as per classical conditioning theory?

    <p>Decreased pain sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Counterconditioning?

    <p>Replacing negative responses with more positive ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is used in aversion therapy to make the client feel repelled by a stimulus?

    <p>$\text{Counterconditioning}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Counterconditioning differ from classical conditioning in terms of responses to stimuli?

    <p>$\text{Counterconditioning}$ involves replacing negative responses with more positive ones, unlike classical conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?

    <p>High and steady rates of response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which schedule of reinforcement is characterized by a 'scallop' pattern of responding?

    <p>Fixed Interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of a fixed interval schedule in terms of post-reinforcer pausing?

    <p>Little or no post-reinforcer pausing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a variable interval schedule influence response rates?

    <p>Slow and steady responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between an operant behavior and classical conditioning?

    <p>Operant behavior is under volitional control, while classical conditioning is automatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior?

    <p>Shaping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In shaping, which behavior is of interest to the experimenter?

    <p>'Only final behavior'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Gamblers' schedule' refers to which type of reinforcement schedule?

    <p>'Reinforcement contingent upon a varying number of responses'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept in developmental psychology that refers to a consistent and reliable source of support and comfort, typically provided by a primary caregiver?

    <p>Secure Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior involves seeking closeness or physical contact with a caregiver, especially in times of distress or uncertainty?

    <p>Proximity seeking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological state involves seeking emotional closeness or connection with others through symbolic means?

    <p>Symbolic proximity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In attachment theory, what is the evolving relationship between a child and their caregiver called?

    <p>Goal-directed partnership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which secondary affect regulation strategy is characterized by anxiety and a tendency to seek proximity to the attachment figure?

    <p>Hyperactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would older children typically reply when asked about their desired reward: pennies or candy?

    <p>Candy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seeking aims to gain comfort, security, and reassurance during times of distress or uncertainty?

    <p>Proximity seeking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Attachment based secondary affect regulation strategies' include hyperactivation and which other strategy?

    <p>Deactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of counterfactual thinking?

    <p>Creating possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the contrast effect in relationships?

    <p>Comparing every subsequent experience with the initial feelings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dis-integration in the context of intense fear memories?

    <p>Splitting off intense fear memories that are not integrated nor under conscious control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Tronick's Still Face Paradigm demonstrate?

    <p>Demonstrating infant stress response when a mother stops reacting to her baby</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of brain development influences an infant's capacity to self-regulate emotions?

    <p>Critical Periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In upward counterfactual thinking, what kind of scenario is typically envisioned?

    <p>&quot;I would have been here if I had done just a couple seconds faster&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the concept of critical periods in brain development?

    <p>(first 1.5 years) influence on the infant's emotional self-regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "The Still Face Paradigm" is associated with which researcher's work?

    <p>Tronick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary affect regulation strategy for individuals with a secure attachment style?

    <p>Proximity seeking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to establish a secure therapeutic relationship before applying cognitive behavioral techniques?

    <p>To enhance the benefits of psychotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does operant conditioning affect emotion-regulation strategies in children?

    <p>It differentially reinforces or punishes strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might anxiously attached clients feel invalidated by directive approaches in therapy?

    <p>As a result of cognitive behavioral approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence for clients with dismissing attachment styles in psychotherapy?

    <p>Higher treatment resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does higher attachment avoidance relate to treatment dropout?

    <p>It increases the likelihood of premature dropout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the therapist play when working with clients with disorganized attachment styles?

    <p>Psychic organizer to provide stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can validating the adaptive significance of attachment style help anxiously attached clients?

    <p>By reducing treatment resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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