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Questions and Answers
Centers for regulating hunger, sleep, thirst, body temperature, water balance, and blood pressure are found in the?
Centers for regulating hunger, sleep, thirst, body temperature, water balance, and blood pressure are found in the?
hypothalamus
A patient's anterior pituitary gland is removed due to the presence of a malignant tumor. Plasma concentration of which of the following hormones would be LEAST affected following surgery?
A patient's anterior pituitary gland is removed due to the presence of a malignant tumor. Plasma concentration of which of the following hormones would be LEAST affected following surgery?
- Insulin (correct)
- Cortisol
- Growth hormone
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
What is the probability that a boy born to an unaffected man and a carrier woman will be color blind?
What is the probability that a boy born to an unaffected man and a carrier woman will be color blind?
1/2
A patient who has gained 40 lbs in the past 3 months goes to her physician with complaints of fatigue. She is found to have a goiter and a decreased metabolic rate. Based on this information, the patient most likely has a deficiency of?
A patient who has gained 40 lbs in the past 3 months goes to her physician with complaints of fatigue. She is found to have a goiter and a decreased metabolic rate. Based on this information, the patient most likely has a deficiency of?
Which of the following statements about the heart is true?
Which of the following statements about the heart is true?
Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder with a deleterious effect on the connective protein fibrillin. Which of the following is LEAST likely a symptom of this disorder?
Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder with a deleterious effect on the connective protein fibrillin. Which of the following is LEAST likely a symptom of this disorder?
In the menstrual cycle, what is triggered by a surge in LH?
In the menstrual cycle, what is triggered by a surge in LH?
In a eukaryotic cell, which organelle's primary function is protein synthesis?
In a eukaryotic cell, which organelle's primary function is protein synthesis?
Which of the following can be absorbed in the stomach?
Which of the following can be absorbed in the stomach?
What path does oxygen follow when traveling through the respiratory structures?
What path does oxygen follow when traveling through the respiratory structures?
Which of the following pairs of words best describes the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following pairs of words best describes the autonomic nervous system?
The 5 types of immunoglobulins are secreted from which type of cell?
The 5 types of immunoglobulins are secreted from which type of cell?
Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton?
Which of the following is not part of the axial skeleton?
Compared to inhaled air in the alveoli, the partial pressures of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary artery is?
Compared to inhaled air in the alveoli, the partial pressures of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary artery is?
If 18O labeled glucose is given to a human, where is the label most likely to appear?
If 18O labeled glucose is given to a human, where is the label most likely to appear?
Large molecules exit the cell by the process known as?
Large molecules exit the cell by the process known as?
If a patient with high blood glucose levels accidentally took an overdose of insulin, which of the following would occur?
If a patient with high blood glucose levels accidentally took an overdose of insulin, which of the following would occur?
Which of the following is true concerning a sex-linked lethal recessive trait?
Which of the following is true concerning a sex-linked lethal recessive trait?
Which of the following is not reabsorbed from the tubules of the nephron?
Which of the following is not reabsorbed from the tubules of the nephron?
What accounts for the blind spot in the field of vision?
What accounts for the blind spot in the field of vision?
Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) results from which type of chromosomal alteration?
Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) results from which type of chromosomal alteration?
The process by which a cell engulfs large particulate matter is called?
The process by which a cell engulfs large particulate matter is called?
Fossils that are impressions left by an organism are known as?
Fossils that are impressions left by an organism are known as?
What is the hybridization of the central atom in a NH3 molecule?
What is the hybridization of the central atom in a NH3 molecule?
Which of the following bromoalkanes is least likely to undergo an SN2 reaction?
Which of the following bromoalkanes is least likely to undergo an SN2 reaction?
Suppose that multiple newly created amino acids interact to build a small protein molecule. The primary structure of that protein is formed when?
Suppose that multiple newly created amino acids interact to build a small protein molecule. The primary structure of that protein is formed when?
Suppose the experimenters wish to identify whether the sample is entirely made up of glycine or if there are significant concentrations of other amino acids present. They can?
Suppose the experimenters wish to identify whether the sample is entirely made up of glycine or if there are significant concentrations of other amino acids present. They can?
Which of the following will increase the yield of carboxylic acid formed from a nitrile group-containing compound?
Which of the following will increase the yield of carboxylic acid formed from a nitrile group-containing compound?
At 0 degrees Celsius, a container holds a mixture of helium, oxygen, and fluorine gas. There are 3 moles of helium, 4 moles of oxygen, and 3 moles of fluorine. What is the total volume of gas if the total pressure is 1 atm?
At 0 degrees Celsius, a container holds a mixture of helium, oxygen, and fluorine gas. There are 3 moles of helium, 4 moles of oxygen, and 3 moles of fluorine. What is the total volume of gas if the total pressure is 1 atm?
The method of carbon dating used to determine age depends on the assumption that:
The method of carbon dating used to determine age depends on the assumption that:
What is the normality of a solution?
What is the normality of a solution?
In a single strand of a nucleic acid, the nucleotides are linked by?
In a single strand of a nucleic acid, the nucleotides are linked by?
Malonyl-CoA is produced from acetyl-CoA through the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The byproducts of this reaction are?
Malonyl-CoA is produced from acetyl-CoA through the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The byproducts of this reaction are?
Monoacylglycerols are produced through the reaction of glycerol with a long chain fatty acid. In this reaction, the hydroxyl group of glycerol acts as?
Monoacylglycerols are produced through the reaction of glycerol with a long chain fatty acid. In this reaction, the hydroxyl group of glycerol acts as?
The lipid composition in the cell membranes of hibernating animals would be expected to comprise?
The lipid composition in the cell membranes of hibernating animals would be expected to comprise?
Medium-chain saturated fatty acids (8-10 carbons) can also be produced by a small alteration to its biosynthetic pathway. What change would most likely lead to this?
Medium-chain saturated fatty acids (8-10 carbons) can also be produced by a small alteration to its biosynthetic pathway. What change would most likely lead to this?
Which of the following compounds has the strongest electrostatic interactions between the constituent particles?
Which of the following compounds has the strongest electrostatic interactions between the constituent particles?
Which region of the brain controls breathing rate?
Which region of the brain controls breathing rate?
Denitrifying bacteria...
Denitrifying bacteria...
Which of the following statements is true regarding lambda phage, a virus that infects bacteria?
Which of the following statements is true regarding lambda phage, a virus that infects bacteria?
Which component of blood is involved in clot formation?
Which component of blood is involved in clot formation?
Which of the following is/are characteristic of animal and fungal cells, but NOT bacterial cells?
Which of the following is/are characteristic of animal and fungal cells, but NOT bacterial cells?
When ACh binds to its receptor, which of the following ions is released from the muscle cell's sarcoplasmic reticulum?
When ACh binds to its receptor, which of the following ions is released from the muscle cell's sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Which of the following statements about viruses is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about viruses is NOT true?
Which of the following is cyanide's mechanism of action?
Which of the following is cyanide's mechanism of action?
Suppose that the liver was unable to synthesize glycogen but could still uptake glucose. This could be attributed to a problem in pancreatic?
Suppose that the liver was unable to synthesize glycogen but could still uptake glucose. This could be attributed to a problem in pancreatic?
The excess amino acids released from the liver are?
The excess amino acids released from the liver are?
Which of the following would NOT inhibit the actions of insulin?
Which of the following would NOT inhibit the actions of insulin?
Which of the following would be used as an energy source during the absorptive state?
Which of the following would be used as an energy source during the absorptive state?
Which of the following processes involves the uptake of genetic material from the environment?
Which of the following processes involves the uptake of genetic material from the environment?
A patient diagnosed with stenosis of the mitral valve would experience the greatest increase in blood pressure in his?
A patient diagnosed with stenosis of the mitral valve would experience the greatest increase in blood pressure in his?
Which of the following hormones directly affects blood sugar level?
Which of the following hormones directly affects blood sugar level?
There are some proteins that appear to be excreted in blood flowing to and from the kidney but not found in the urine. Which organelles are responsible for this?
There are some proteins that appear to be excreted in blood flowing to and from the kidney but not found in the urine. Which organelles are responsible for this?
Without ADH, the distal convoluted tubule and collective duct remain relatively impermeable to water. This is because epithelial cells are connected by?
Without ADH, the distal convoluted tubule and collective duct remain relatively impermeable to water. This is because epithelial cells are connected by?
In nephrotic syndrome, there is a loss of fluid to the tissues and a decrease in blood pressure. Which hormone would counteract this disease?
In nephrotic syndrome, there is a loss of fluid to the tissues and a decrease in blood pressure. Which hormone would counteract this disease?
What is the proximal tubule responsible for?
What is the proximal tubule responsible for?
Which of the following is made of bone?
Which of the following is made of bone?
The role of CCK in the digestive system is to?
The role of CCK in the digestive system is to?
In the kidneys, the osmolarity gradient between the interstitial fluid and the fluid in the nephron is greatest at?
In the kidneys, the osmolarity gradient between the interstitial fluid and the fluid in the nephron is greatest at?
The protein that hair is primarily composed of is?
The protein that hair is primarily composed of is?
What is a missense mutation?
What is a missense mutation?
Cardiac muscle can?
Cardiac muscle can?
Which of the following is a mechanism of heat loss?
Which of the following is a mechanism of heat loss?
Which of the following ABO blood types CANNOT produce type O offspring?
Which of the following ABO blood types CANNOT produce type O offspring?
If a patient's lymphatic channels have been obstructed by the spread of malignant tumors, what will happen?
If a patient's lymphatic channels have been obstructed by the spread of malignant tumors, what will happen?
Which of the following statements about the kidney is correct?
Which of the following statements about the kidney is correct?
A diet high in saturated fats can be most directly linked to the development of?
A diet high in saturated fats can be most directly linked to the development of?
Which of the following is false regarding noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme?
Which of the following is false regarding noncompetitive inhibition of an enzyme?
When a person inhales fresh air?
When a person inhales fresh air?
Environmental factors dividing a population into 2 that evolve in different directions with different adaptive responses is called?
Environmental factors dividing a population into 2 that evolve in different directions with different adaptive responses is called?
If the pH of blood were to increase to 7.6, what would be the likely outcome?
If the pH of blood were to increase to 7.6, what would be the likely outcome?
How would the volume of urine excreted alter in response to acidosis?
How would the volume of urine excreted alter in response to acidosis?
When phosphoric acid is titrated with a strong base, which of the following is the predominant compound found at the 3rd equivalence point?
When phosphoric acid is titrated with a strong base, which of the following is the predominant compound found at the 3rd equivalence point?
A diabetic patient displays acidosis due to the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. What compensatory changes would take place in the body?
A diabetic patient displays acidosis due to the accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood. What compensatory changes would take place in the body?
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is?
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is?
Alpha helices are secondary structure characterized by?
Alpha helices are secondary structure characterized by?
If a reaction proceeds spontaneously?
If a reaction proceeds spontaneously?
If the cell potential is positive?
If the cell potential is positive?
Enantiomers are molecules that_____?
Enantiomers are molecules that_____?
If saturated fatty acid tails from phospholipids are replaced by unsaturated fatty acid tails, what would be observed?
If saturated fatty acid tails from phospholipids are replaced by unsaturated fatty acid tails, what would be observed?
The reaction of glycerol and fatty acids produces?
The reaction of glycerol and fatty acids produces?
Besides peptide bonds, what other covalent bonds are commonly found in peptides?
Besides peptide bonds, what other covalent bonds are commonly found in peptides?
An overabundance of _____ is most likely to result in symptoms seen in PKU?
An overabundance of _____ is most likely to result in symptoms seen in PKU?
Methyl substituents are?
Methyl substituents are?
Which of the following is always true of an Sn2 reaction involving a chiral substrate?
Which of the following is always true of an Sn2 reaction involving a chiral substrate?
If structural interactions are disrupted in a binding enzyme, Vmax for that enzyme would most likely?
If structural interactions are disrupted in a binding enzyme, Vmax for that enzyme would most likely?
How many pi and sigma bonds are found in ethyne?
How many pi and sigma bonds are found in ethyne?
Which of the following cellular mechanisms would be directly affected by a vitamin B12 deficiency?
Which of the following cellular mechanisms would be directly affected by a vitamin B12 deficiency?
B12 is bound to protein in food sources by?
B12 is bound to protein in food sources by?
IR spectroscopy is useful in distinguishing between?
IR spectroscopy is useful in distinguishing between?
Which of the following DNA sequences would have the highest melting temperature?
Which of the following DNA sequences would have the highest melting temperature?
How might a drug raise the threshold for an action potential in a cell?
How might a drug raise the threshold for an action potential in a cell?
What makes steroids unique in their mechanism of action as compared to peptide hormones?
What makes steroids unique in their mechanism of action as compared to peptide hormones?
Which type of tissue is avascular?
Which type of tissue is avascular?
Which area of the sarcomere decreases in size during muscle contraction?
Which area of the sarcomere decreases in size during muscle contraction?
Microtubules attach to chromosomes at?
Microtubules attach to chromosomes at?
The GTP used by tubulin could come directly from the products of?
The GTP used by tubulin could come directly from the products of?
Which of the following disorders is due to nondisjunction?
Which of the following disorders is due to nondisjunction?
Which of the following is not a way that bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents occur?
Which of the following is not a way that bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents occur?
Helminths are part of what larger class of organisms?
Helminths are part of what larger class of organisms?
Study Notes
Hormones and Endocrine System
- Hypothalamus regulates hunger, sleep, thirst, temperature, water balance, and blood pressure.
- Anterior pituitary removal minimally affects insulin levels.
- Thyroxine deficiency leads to symptoms like goiter and decreased metabolic rate.
- Glucagon is a hormone that directly impacts blood sugar levels.
Genetics and Inheritance
- Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait; probability of a carrier woman passing it to a son is 1/2.
- Kleinfelter's Syndrome (XXY) is caused by nondisjunction.
- Sex-linked lethal recessive traits mainly cause death in males.
Cell Biology and Physiology
- Ribosomes are crucial for protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
- Exocytosis is the process by which large molecules exit cells.
- Cardiac muscle can contract independently of nervous stimulation.
Metabolism and Energy
- Insulin overdose can cause convulsions due to lowering blood glucose levels.
- Aldosterone counters fluid loss in nephrotic syndrome.
- Glucose serves as the primary energy source during the absorptive state.
Structure and Function
- The H-zone decreases in size during muscle contraction.
- Phagocytosis is the process where a cell engulfs large particles.
- Tight junctions in kidney epithelial cells prevent water permeability without ADH.
Evolution and Ecology
- Divergent evolution occurs when environmental factors separate a population into different adaptive paths.
- Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas (N2).
Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Phosphoric acid titration involves phosphate ions at the third equivalence point.
- Disulfide bonds and peptide bonds are common in peptides.
- NaCl exhibits the strongest electrostatic interactions among given compounds.
Microbiology and Immunology
- Lysosomes and Golgi apparatus are responsible for protein processing in blood and urine.
- Transformation is the uptake of genetic material from the environment by bacteria.
Anatomy and Physiology
- Blood platelets are crucial for clot formation.
- The medulla oblongata controls the breathing rate.
- The mitral valve stenosis leads to elevated blood pressure in the left atrium.
Psychological and Neurological
- ACh binding in muscle cells leads to the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- High blood pH (7.6) results in decreased CO2 exhalation.
Miscellaneous
- IR spectroscopy detects different functional groups in molecules.
- The boiling point is when a liquid's vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
- Helminths are a category of organisms known as parasites.
Additional Key Concepts
- Medium-chain saturated fatty acids can be produced by altering thioesterase specificity.
- Enhanced membrane fluidity occurs when saturated fatty acids are replaced by unsaturated ones.
- Elevated fluid pressure in extracellular spaces results from lymphatic obstruction due to tumors.
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Test your knowledge on key concepts related to anatomy and physiology with this set of PCAT practice test flashcards. Covering topics like the hypothalamus and hormonal regulation, this quiz is perfect for those preparing for the Pharmacy College Admission Test.