Questions and Answers
An 'adrenal rush' is caused by the release of ____.
epinephrine
Eggs, estrogen, and progesterone are produced by the ___.
ovaries
The ____ is the outer layer of the adrenal glands.
adrenal cortex
The ___ regulates everyday functions such as metabolism, heart rate, energy level, and body temperature.
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___ is a condition that occurs when the pituitary gland hyposecretes growth hormone.
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The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that is also a part of the nervous system.
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Gluconeogenesis is the process by which the embryo starts to produce glucose, about 18 weeks into gestation.
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Growth Hormone (GH) helps break down fats for use as a fuel source by the body.
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Excessive urination, excessive thirst, and increased hunger are symptoms of both types of diabetes mellitus.
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is also called adult onset diabetes.
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What organ is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?
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What hormone secreted by the pancreas causes the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver?
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How long after a person starts to exercise is growth hormone released?
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What is the function of the pineal gland's hormone melatonin?
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What glands need iodine in order to secrete their hormones?
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What is a hormone that promotes glucose uptake in body tissues?
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What are hormones composed of proteins or protein-related substances called?
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What gland secretes insulin and glucagon; as an exocrine gland, it secretes digestive enzymes?
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Which gland is located below the larynx and secretes hormones T3, T4, and calcitonin?
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Which part of the adrenal glands secretes the hormone epinephrine and norepinephrine during the fight-or-flight response?
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What part of the brain stores two hormones produced by the hypothalamus: antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin?
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What condition is caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary, resulting in an increase in overall body size?
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What condition refers to sustained muscular contraction?
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What adrenal cortex disorder is caused by hypersecretion of cortisol?
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Study Notes
Hormones and Glands
- Epinephrine: Released by the adrenal medulla, causing an "adrenal rush".
- Ovaries: Produce eggs and hormones, including estrogen and progesterone.
- Adrenal cortex: The outer layer of the adrenal glands, responsible for producing corticosteroids.
- Thyroid gland: Regulates metabolism, heart rate, energy level, and body temperature through hormone secretion.
- Dwarfism: Result of the pituitary gland underproducing growth hormone.
- Pancreas: Functions as both an endocrine (releasing insulin and glucagon) and exocrine gland (secreting digestive enzymes).
Endocrine System Facts
- Pituitary gland: An endocrine gland that plays a role in the nervous system.
- Gluconeogenesis: Incorrectly defined as glucose production by the embryo; it refers to glucose synthesis in the liver.
- Growth Hormone (GH): Aids in fat breakdown for energy usage.
- Diabetes mellitus symptoms: Excessive urination, thirst, and hunger characterize both types of diabetes.
- Type 1 diabetes: Not called adult onset diabetes; it typically develops in childhood or adolescence.
Hormonal Functions and Conditions
- Melatonin: Secreted by the pineal gland, it induces sleepiness.
- Thyroid gland: Requires iodine to effectively produce thyroid hormones.
- Insulin: Promotes glucose uptake in tissues, crucial for regulating blood sugar levels.
- Amino-acid hormones: Composed of proteins or related substances, essential for various physiological functions.
Specific Health Conditions
- Acromegaly: Caused by excess growth hormone, leading to enlarged body parts.
- Tetany: Characterized by prolonged muscular contractions.
- Cushing syndrome: A disorder of the adrenal cortex due to excess cortisol, resulting in weight gain and elevated blood glucose levels.
Additional Knowledge
- Glucagon: A hormone from the pancreas that triggers glycogen breakdown in the liver.
- Posterior pituitary: Stores antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, both produced by the hypothalamus.
- Hormone release during exercise: Growth hormone is released approximately 30-45 minutes after beginning physical activity.
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Test your knowledge of key terms from Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 8 with this set of flashcards. Each card provides definitions of important concepts such as hormones and glands critical to human function. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in the human body.
