Patient Assessment and Ethics Review
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Questions and Answers

What should an attending physician be notified of regarding a patient?

  • If the patient requires further tests
  • When the patient is discharged
  • When the patient is admitted
  • If the patient refuses care (correct)

    • What is an example of gross negligence?

  • Failing to administer medication
  • Delaying treatment due to paperwork
  • Misplacing patient records
  • Providing care when the patient is intoxicated (correct)

    • What does a DNR/DNI order signify?

  • Do Not Resuscitate/Do Not Intubate (correct)
  • Do Not Enter/Do Not Initiate
  • Do Not Release/Do Not Impose
  • Do Nothing/Do Nothing Immediate

    • What should be done if a patient is found to be under the influence of alcohol?

    <p>Provide care only after assessment of mental state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an advance directive outline?

    <p>Patient’s medical treatment preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes intentional misconduct in a medical setting?

    <p>Withholding treatment without appropriate reason</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an implication of negligence in healthcare?

    <p>Omission of reasonable care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best illustrates battery in a clinical setting?

    <p>A doctor provides care without consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contributory negligence?

    <p>When an injured party shares responsibility for their own injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a power of attorney?

    <p>A person legally designated to make decisions on behalf of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes intentional misconduct?

    <p>Actions taken with the purpose of causing harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a felony from a misdemeanor?

    <p>Felonies are more serious offenses with heavier penalties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes assault?

    <p>The threat of harm that puts someone in fear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sentencing in criminal law?

    <p>To prevent future crimes and rehabilitate offenders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best illustrates negligence?

    <p>An individual fails to secure their pet, causing an accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does battery typically refer to in legal terms?

    <p>Unlawful physical contact causing harm to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as the unjustifiable detention of a person, potentially involving a same-sex chaperone for undressing against their will?

    <p>False Imprisonment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a violation of privacy in a healthcare setting?

    <p>Photographing a patient without consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does HIPAA primarily aim to ensure in healthcare?

    <p>Patient privacy and security of health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a healthcare professional obtain before proceeding with a medical procedure?

    <p>Informed Consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of failing to obtain informed consent?

    <p>Physical injuries to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a patient do at any point during a procedure regarding their previously granted consent?

    <p>Revoke the consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What legal charge involves intentional infliction of harm to another individual?

    <p>Battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act describes malicious spreading of information that can lead to defamation?

    <p>Slander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of misconduct covers the failure to exercise reasonable care, resulting in damage or injury?

    <p>Negligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of wrongful detention or restraint of another person without just cause?

    <p>Liability for damages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which situation would likely lead to a malpractice lawsuit?

    <p>Negligent treatment of a patient resulting in injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be provided to patients prior to performing a medical procedure?

    <p>Full explanation of risks and benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it acceptable to examine a patient's genitalia without consent?

    <p>This is never acceptable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action could result in defamation claims against a healthcare professional?

    <p>Publicly revealing a patient's health status without consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exam 2 Review

    • Mostly: ethics, morals, patient care equipment
    • Legal Terms: assault, negligence, battery
    • Vital Signs: temperature (adult vs. pediatric), respiratory chart
    • Glasgow Coma Scale
    • Legal terms: tachycardia, bradycardia (used in teams)
    • Code of ethics: Standard/Code
    • Lines/tubes: where to place them, how they enter body, use of thumb
    • Hospital Departments: NICU, ICU
    • Bedside Equip: portable, things to watch out for in beds (e.g., for orthopedic traction)
    • Suction equipment: major reasons to have it nearby (decompression for post-op or bowel obstruction)

    Patient Assessment

    • Introduction: Acknowledge, introduce self, duration of exam, best time for history
    • History: Onset, duration/chronology, specific location, quality of symptoms, severity (1-10), aggravation/alleviation, associated manifestations.
    • Physical Exam: Observation, comparison, measurement of condition before, during & after; Skin color/temp (cyanotic, diaphoretic), dry/hot/sweaty, pale/cool/diaphoretic, anxiety, additional instructions (written).
    • Checking Chart: Review order before procedure, allergies, fall risk, DNR
    • Levels of Consciousness (LOC): Alert, drowsy, unresponsive, reactive to painful stimuli, comatose.
    • Glasgow Coma Scale: Numerical scale used to objectively assess LOC changes over time; scored on Eyes, Verbal, Motor Response.

    Vitals

    • Respiration: count breaths/min (normal is 12-20), bradypnea (<12), tachypnea (>20), orthopnea (inability to breathe when laying flat), dyspnea, hyperventilation.
    • Temperature: methods (oral, axillary, rectal, tympanic) and information provided about metabolic state
    • Pulse: measured in beats per minute (60-100 bpm average); tachycardia (>100), bradycardia (<60); weak/thready pulse indicates not pumping enough blood
    • Blood Pressure: measured by sphygmomanometer and stethoscope; systolic and diastolic, normal ranges. Hypertension: 140-159/90-99, Stage 2: 160+/100+, Hypotension: <50
    • Use Charts to look at age-related norms.

    Common Lab Tests

    • Complete blood cell count (CBC): information about blood cell types & numbers.
    • Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): measures inflammation.

    Electronic Monitoring

    • Oximeter: measures pulse rate and oxygen levels (normal: 95-100%).
    • ECG (Electrocardiograph): measures the electrical activity of the heart; graphical display of waves (asystole, sinus rhythm).

    Special Care Units

    • PACU (Postanesthesia Care Unit): Recovery room for post-surgery patients
    • Emergency Trauma Unit: assessment for injuries of spine, pelvis, chest; protection of patient & staff.
    • ICU & CCU: Intensive Care Units, for critically ill
    • NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit): care for premature, low-weight or health issue infants.

    Ethics

    • Personal Morality: based on lessons of right/wrong from early age (examples)
    • Group Morality: Moral principles for groups.
    • Kohlberg's Theory: individuals learn morality through experience (obedience, punishment).
    • Professional Ethics: defines correct moral behavior in a professional context.
    • Codes of Ethics & Ethical analysis: method of evaluating situations/conflicting values (identifying the problem, developing alternate solutions, selecting best solution, defending your selection) Ethical analysis (problem, solutions, selection, defense)

    Patient Rights

    • Considerate and Respectful Care
    • Information: names, qualifications, copies of records, procedures explained by physician
    • Privacy and Confidentiality: protection of dignity and modesty; chaperone presence; same sex, patient consent, HIPAA
    • Informed Consent: explanation of risks/benefits of procedure.
    • Right to Refuse: patient can revoke consent at any time.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential topics in patient assessment, including ethics, legal terms, and vital signs. It also addresses proper use and placement of medical equipment, along with hospital department functions. Get ready to test your knowledge in preparing for Exam 2!

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