Pathophysiology Test 1 practice

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What is the term for an increase in cardiac size and function due to increased workload?

Inflammation

Functional

Atrophy

Hypertrophy (correct)

When assessing a patient diagnosed with Marfan's Syndrome, what type of assessment should the nurse include?

Cardiac assessment for coarctation of the aorta (correct)

Mental assessment for impairment

Oral assessment for cleft palate

Genital assessment for small testicles

Which component is children with PKU advised to avoid in their diet?

Protein (correct)

Carbohydrate

Sugar

Fat

When a 17-year-old receives a vaccine against an organism causing meningitis, what type of prevention is this considered?

Primary prevention Signup and view all the answers

What does metaplasia involve?

The replacement of one differentiated cell type with another Signup and view all the answers

Findings like a small square head, upward slant of the eyes, and low set ears are consistent with which condition in a fetus?

(Down Syndrome) Trisomy 21 Signup and view all the answers

What should parents be informed about regarding the consequences of phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Failure to treat properly results in progressive mental retardation. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gangrene is usually a result of arterial occlusion?

Dry. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal manifestation of a neoplastic disease?

Abnormal cell growth leading to tumor formation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Break down particles or worn-out cellular components. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options defines a recessive gene?

Recessive Signup and view all the answers

What type of injury occurs when there is diminished blood flow to tissue?

Ischemic. Signup and view all the answers

In multiple myeloma, the malignancy primarily affects which type of cells?

Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Hodgkin's disease when compared to Non-Hodgkin's disease?

Reed-Sternberg cells Signup and view all the answers

What action is most appropriate for a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who has a neutrophil count of 175?

Chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

The clinical presentation of a 52-year-old man with back pain, reduced bone density on X-rays, and elevated serum calcium levels is most consistent with which disease?

Multiple myeloma Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicative symptom of hemolytic anemia?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

A 3-year-old boy with prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and normal platelet count likely has a disorder affecting:

Hemophilia Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for the 5-year-old male child with a bleeding disease characterized by areas of hemorrhage in joints and muscles after minor injuries?

Hemophilia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome?

It is a frequent complication of pulmonary embolism. Signup and view all the answers

What is a neoplasm of blood cells known as?

Leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What does iron deficiency anemia exhibit in terms of red blood cells?

Microcytic, hypochromic Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cells deficit involves a decrease in all types of blood cells?

Pancytopenia Signup and view all the answers

Mary Ann presents with severe fatigue, swollen glands, and fever. Which blood test confirms infectious mononucleosis?

Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate Signup and view all the answers

What is a decrease in platelets referred to as?

Thrombocytopenia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complaints would indicate tissue hypoxia related to anemia in a patient with hemoglobin of 7.0 g/dL?

Syncope Signup and view all the answers

Over 80% of all lymphomas arise in which type of cells?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

What causes infectious mononucleosis?

Epstein Barr (EB) virus Signup and view all the answers

Which individual is most likely to have a silent myocardial infarction (MI)?

A male diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical assessment finding for a patient at risk for hypovolemic shock?

Decreased urine output Signup and view all the answers

Which condition should you expect in a patient with severe chest pain, fever, elevated white blood count, and pericardial friction rub?

Pericarditis Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test indicates worsening heart failure?

Elevated b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) Signup and view all the answers

What factor is most likely to contribute to thrombus development?

Immobility Signup and view all the answers

What cardiovascular consequence can pericardial effusion cause in pericarditis?

Decreased cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

Why do cardiac enzymes rise after an acute myocardial infarction?

Cardiac enzymes leak from the damaged muscle fibers into the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cardiac valve abnormalities occurs most frequently in young women?

Mitral valve prolapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of death following cardiac tamponade?

Compression of the heart by the blood on the pericardial sac, which impairs filling in diastole Signup and view all the answers

Aldosterone primarily affects which of the following?

Salt and water metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Angina pectoris is usually a manifestation of which of the following?

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with acute iron deficiency?

Hemolytic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lipoproteins decreases low density lipoprotein (LDL) and prevents its conversion to very low density lipoprotein (VDRL)?

High density lipoprotein (HDL) Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with metabolic syndrome, which of the following criteria would NOT be part of the definition?

Systolic blood pressure > 110 mm/Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal time from presentation to the hospital to opening of the artery (door to balloon time) in a patient with acute coronary syndrome?

90 minutes or less Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic heart disease?

Hyperthyroidism Signup and view all the answers

On an EKG, which wave represents atrial depolarization?

P wave Signup and view all the answers

Which patient is at most risk of developing left-sided heart failure?

64-year-old female with mitral valve stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and impaired pumping with heart enlargement and thinning walls?

Dilated Signup and view all the answers

Which type of valvular heart disease causes obstruction of the ejection of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

Mitral stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What should you suspect when a patient with a history of stable angina experiences an increase in the number of attacks and intensity of the pain?

The patient has developed unstable angina Signup and view all the answers

Which patient has the greatest risk of developing heart failure?

A 75-year-old white male who smokes Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical manifestation would be seen as a compensatory mechanism to the initial stage of shock?

Increased heart rate Signup and view all the answers

In a patient experiencing hypovolemic shock, which disorder poses the greatest risk?

Burns Signup and view all the answers

Which form of cardiomyopathy is most likely to have caused sudden cardiac death in a 19-year old athlete?

Hypertrophic Signup and view all the answers

Which modifiable risk factor is associated with coronary artery disease?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with edema of the right lower extremity impairing ambulation, what condition is most likely based on the clinical findings?

Peripheral vascular disease Signup and view all the answers

What would likely be the cause of splinter hemorrhages, hematuria, and petechiae in an 80 y/o patient with an overwhelming systemic infection?

Infective endocarditis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Asthma is a reversible disease Signup and view all the answers

What does the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) measure?

How much air you can breathe out after a deep inspiration Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Legionnaire’s disease is accurate?

It causes a pulmonary infection Signup and view all the answers

Regarding a young man with AIDS and active tuberculosis, which statement is NOT true?

He has active tuberculosis but is not infectious to others Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the collapse of the lung due to air escaping into the pleural cavity?

Pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic sets asthma apart from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Asthma involves bronchial inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What complication should the nurse suspect in a cystic fibrosis patient who presents with systemic edema, increased fatigue, and a weight gain of 6 pounds in the last 24 hours?

Cor pulmonale Signup and view all the answers

In a 12-year-old girl presenting with wheezing, prolonged expiration, and chest tightness unrelieved by usual treatment, the findings are most consistent with:

Status asthmaticus Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Inflammation leads to lung fibrosis and a loss of elasticity Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with decreased breath sounds over the left lobe and asymmetrical chest expansion, an increased collection of fluid in the pleural cavity is most likely indicative of:

Pleural effusion Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is a patient with congestive heart failure likely experiencing if there are decreased breath sounds over the left lobe and asymmetrical chest expansion?

Pleural effusion Signup and view all the answers

A patient admitted for cystic fibrosis treatment develops systemic edema and weight gain. What complication should be ruled out based on these symptoms?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of bronchiectasis?

Air trapping in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Why is administering high concentrations of oxygen to a person with chronic hypoxia harmful?

High concentrations suppress the oxygen chemoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between epiglottitis and croup?

Epiglottitis leads to difficulty breathing while croup causes swelling of the vocal cords Signup and view all the answers

How does tuberculosis primarily spread?

By exposure to contaminated air Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes lung compliance?

It is related to the ease of inflating the lungs or changing their volume Signup and view all the answers

What symptom helps differentiate pleurisy from other conditions?

Pain that worsens with deep breaths Signup and view all the answers

A patient with dyspnea, bright pink skin, and barrel chest appearance is exhibiting symptoms consistent with which disease?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder involves a genetic predisposition as a major risk factor?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

Pathophysiology Test 1 practice

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for an increase in cardiac size and function due to increased workload?

When assessing a patient diagnosed with Marfan's Syndrome, what type of assessment should the nurse include?

Which component is children with PKU advised to avoid in their diet?

When a 17-year-old receives a vaccine against an organism causing meningitis, what type of prevention is this considered?

What does metaplasia involve?

Findings like a small square head, upward slant of the eyes, and low set ears are consistent with which condition in a fetus?

What should parents be informed about regarding the consequences of phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Which type of gangrene is usually a result of arterial occlusion?

What is the principal manifestation of a neoplastic disease?

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Which of the following options defines a recessive gene?

What type of injury occurs when there is diminished blood flow to tissue?

In multiple myeloma, the malignancy primarily affects which type of cells?

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of Hodgkin's disease when compared to Non-Hodgkin's disease?

What action is most appropriate for a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) who has a neutrophil count of 175?

The clinical presentation of a 52-year-old man with back pain, reduced bone density on X-rays, and elevated serum calcium levels is most consistent with which disease?

What is an indicative symptom of hemolytic anemia?

A 3-year-old boy with prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and normal platelet count likely has a disorder affecting:

What is the most likely diagnosis for the 5-year-old male child with a bleeding disease characterized by areas of hemorrhage in joints and muscles after minor injuries?

Which of the following is true regarding disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome?

What is a neoplasm of blood cells known as?

What does iron deficiency anemia exhibit in terms of red blood cells?

Which type of blood cells deficit involves a decrease in all types of blood cells?

Mary Ann presents with severe fatigue, swollen glands, and fever. Which blood test confirms infectious mononucleosis?

What is a decrease in platelets referred to as?

Which of the following complaints would indicate tissue hypoxia related to anemia in a patient with hemoglobin of 7.0 g/dL?

Over 80% of all lymphomas arise in which type of cells?

What causes infectious mononucleosis?

Which individual is most likely to have a silent myocardial infarction (MI)?

What is the most critical assessment finding for a patient at risk for hypovolemic shock?

Which condition should you expect in a patient with severe chest pain, fever, elevated white blood count, and pericardial friction rub?

Which laboratory test indicates worsening heart failure?

What factor is most likely to contribute to thrombus development?

What cardiovascular consequence can pericardial effusion cause in pericarditis?

Why do cardiac enzymes rise after an acute myocardial infarction?

Which of the following cardiac valve abnormalities occurs most frequently in young women?

What is the mechanism of death following cardiac tamponade?

Aldosterone primarily affects which of the following?

Angina pectoris is usually a manifestation of which of the following?

Which condition is commonly associated with acute iron deficiency?

Which of the following lipoproteins decreases low density lipoprotein (LDL) and prevents its conversion to very low density lipoprotein (VDRL)?

In a patient with metabolic syndrome, which of the following criteria would NOT be part of the definition?

What is the goal time from presentation to the hospital to opening of the artery (door to balloon time) in a patient with acute coronary syndrome?

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic heart disease?

On an EKG, which wave represents atrial depolarization?

Which patient is at most risk of developing left-sided heart failure?

What type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, and impaired pumping with heart enlargement and thinning walls?

Which type of valvular heart disease causes obstruction of the ejection of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

What should you suspect when a patient with a history of stable angina experiences an increase in the number of attacks and intensity of the pain?

Which patient has the greatest risk of developing heart failure?

Which clinical manifestation would be seen as a compensatory mechanism to the initial stage of shock?

In a patient experiencing hypovolemic shock, which disorder poses the greatest risk?

Which form of cardiomyopathy is most likely to have caused sudden cardiac death in a 19-year old athlete?

Which modifiable risk factor is associated with coronary artery disease?

In a patient with edema of the right lower extremity impairing ambulation, what condition is most likely based on the clinical findings?

What would likely be the cause of splinter hemorrhages, hematuria, and petechiae in an 80 y/o patient with an overwhelming systemic infection?

What distinguishes asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

What does the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) measure?

Which statement about Legionnaire’s disease is accurate?

Regarding a young man with AIDS and active tuberculosis, which statement is NOT true?

What is the term for the collapse of the lung due to air escaping into the pleural cavity?

Which characteristic sets asthma apart from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

What complication should the nurse suspect in a cystic fibrosis patient who presents with systemic edema, increased fatigue, and a weight gain of 6 pounds in the last 24 hours?

In a 12-year-old girl presenting with wheezing, prolonged expiration, and chest tightness unrelieved by usual treatment, the findings are most consistent with:

Which statement accurately describes the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

In a patient with decreased breath sounds over the left lobe and asymmetrical chest expansion, an increased collection of fluid in the pleural cavity is most likely indicative of:

Which complication is a patient with congestive heart failure likely experiencing if there are decreased breath sounds over the left lobe and asymmetrical chest expansion?

A patient admitted for cystic fibrosis treatment develops systemic edema and weight gain. What complication should be ruled out based on these symptoms?

What is a distinguishing feature of bronchiectasis?

Why is administering high concentrations of oxygen to a person with chronic hypoxia harmful?

What is a key difference between epiglottitis and croup?

How does tuberculosis primarily spread?

Which statement best describes lung compliance?

What symptom helps differentiate pleurisy from other conditions?

A patient with dyspnea, bright pink skin, and barrel chest appearance is exhibiting symptoms consistent with which disease?

Which disorder involves a genetic predisposition as a major risk factor?

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