Pathophysiology Stress & Inflammation Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the inflammatory process?

  • To stimulate pain receptors
  • To dispose of foreign and dying material
  • To initiate the healing process
  • To protect the body by localizing injury or infection (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a biochemical mediator of the inflammatory process?

  • Fibrin and clotting factors
  • Prostaglandins
  • Histamine
  • Neutrophils (correct)

    • What is the effect of vasodilation during the inflammatory process?

  • Increased phagocytosis by neutrophils
  • Increased blood flow, causing redness and heat (correct)
  • Increased vascular permeability
  • Increased blood pressure

    • What is the role of neutrophils in the inflammatory process?

    <p>They eat and destroy microorganisms, foreign materials, or dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of increased capillary permeability during inflammation?

    <p>To allow fluid and proteins to leak into the tissue area, causing edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of chemotaxis in the inflammatory process?

    <p>It draws neutrophils to the injured area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal temperature for the inflammatory process?

    <p>Greater than 35.5°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a vascular response to inflammation?

    <p>Phagocytosis by neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

    <p>Alarm phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a protective agent against stress?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is released from the adrenal glands during the alarm phase?

    <p>Catecholamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the General Adaptation Syndrome, what happens if the stressor is prolonged during the resistance phase?

    <p>The body moves into the exhaustion phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can trigger stress?

    <p>Adequate sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cortisol during the stress response?

    <p>It is a stress hormone released from the adrenal glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome is associated with the body's defenses being utilized and potential damage occurring?

    <p>Exhaustion phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of skin in the body's defense mechanisms?

    <p>To act as the first line of physical defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of inflammation in the body's defense mechanisms?

    <p>It isolates and destroys invaders, and facilitates cleanup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the immune response in the body's defense mechanisms?

    <p>To facilitate the antigen-antibody response and produce lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the principal blood work used to diagnose infection or cellular stress?

    <p>Complete blood count (CBC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cellular trigger that prompts the body to deliver more oxygen to tissues?

    <p>Increased carbon dioxide levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym R.I.C.E. stand for in the context of inflammatory response?

    <p>Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature do our clotting factors need to function properly?

    <p>The question does not provide enough information to determine the temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a localized collection of pus?

    <p>Abscess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key goal in the treatment of inflammation?

    <p>Decrease the blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the inflammatory process involves the rebuilding of damaged tissue?

    <p>Tissue Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Involves monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of the healing process?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common inflammatory problem characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial membranes?

    <p>Rheumatoid Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pannus formation in the pathophysiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    <p>It promotes the formation of fibrous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

    <p>Increased joint mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common site for an ulcer?

    <p>Heel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by general edema, redness, pain, and heat in the affected area?

    <p>Cellulitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of an abscess forming a head?

    <p>Onset of healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome)?

    <p>Trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood work test is used for identifying infection by pathogens in the blood?

    <p>Culture and Sensitivity test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cellulitis from an abscess?

    <p>Widespread acute inflammatory process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of an ulcer in terms of tissue condition?

    <p>Necrotic tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common bacteria associated with abscess formation?

    <p><strong>Streptococcal</strong> and <strong>staphylococcal</strong> bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Septicemia involves the presence of pathogens in which bodily fluid?

    <p><strong>Blood</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is responsible for breaching the target in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cardinal sign of localized inflammation is characterized by the formation of a scab-like appearance?

    <p>Swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of exudate in inflammation contains clear serum-like fluid with proteins?

    <p>Serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cardinal sign of systemic inflammation?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemotaxis in the inflammatory process?

    <p>Attracting immune cells to the site of injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukocyte is primarily responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens during inflammation?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

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