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Questions and Answers
Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?
Which is not normally secreted in response to stress?
Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____
Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____
liquefactive necrosis
Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer due to (select all that apply).
Deficits in immune system function occur in cancer due to (select all that apply).
In which stage do patients function normally; disease processes are well-established?
In which stage do patients function normally; disease processes are well-established?
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The _____ is the test's ability to give the same results in repeated measurements.
The _____ is the test's ability to give the same results in repeated measurements.
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Which substances raise pain threshold and produce sedation and euphoria? (Select all that apply)
Which substances raise pain threshold and produce sedation and euphoria? (Select all that apply)
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This membrane network is present in all eukaryotic cells and is known as the gastrointestinal tract of the cell.
This membrane network is present in all eukaryotic cells and is known as the gastrointestinal tract of the cell.
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Which statement is false about the action potential?
Which statement is false about the action potential?
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Which is false about malignant tumors?
Which is false about malignant tumors?
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A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is:
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is:
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Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by:
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by:
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A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is:
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is:
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Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as:
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as:
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A cause of thrombocytopenia includes:
A cause of thrombocytopenia includes:
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Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
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Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL?
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL?
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Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of:
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of:
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A patient diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may experience which of these symptoms? (Select all that apply)
A patient diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may experience which of these symptoms? (Select all that apply)
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Regarding iron deficiency anemia, what laboratory features are typically decreased? (Select all that apply)
Regarding iron deficiency anemia, what laboratory features are typically decreased? (Select all that apply)
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A patient diagnosed with myeloma may have multiple tumor sites. Possible tumor sites include: (Select all that apply)
A patient diagnosed with myeloma may have multiple tumor sites. Possible tumor sites include: (Select all that apply)
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Which is false about lymphatic structure?
Which is false about lymphatic structure?
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This law represents the relationship between distending pressure and wall tension.
This law represents the relationship between distending pressure and wall tension.
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If an embolus leaves the right ventricle, what is the correct consequence?
If an embolus leaves the right ventricle, what is the correct consequence?
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Study Notes
Stress Responses and Hormonal Secretion
- Cortisol is secreted in response to stress; insulin is not.
Types of Necrosis
- Liquefactive necrosis indicates necrotic death of brain tissue.
Immune System Dysfunction in Cancer
- Cancer-related immune deficits stem from chemotherapy, cancer cells, metastasis to bone marrow, and malnutrition.
Disease Stages
- The subclinical stage allows for normal patient functioning while disease processes are well-established.
Test Reliability
- Reliability measures a test's ability to yield consistent results across repeated measurements.
Pain Modulation
- Endorphins and enkephalins raise pain thresholds, resulting in sedation and euphoria.
Influences on Stress Response
- Stress response effects are influenced by genetics, socioeconomic status, prior susceptibilities, preexisting health status, allostatic state, and ability to manage stress.
Cellular Structures
- The endoplasmic reticulum serves as the "gastrointestinal tract" of eukaryotic cells, involved in cellular processing and transport.
Action Potential
- The resting membrane potential is influenced by the ratio of intracellular to extracellular K+ concentrations; changes in serum K+ impact this value.
- Action potentials are generated by voltage-gated ion channels, particularly through fast Na+ channel opening.
- Repolarization occurs via Na+ channel closure and K+ efflux; cardiac muscle repolarization is prolonged by Ca2+ influx through slow channels.
Characteristics of Malignant Tumors
- Malignant tumors can be life-threatening if untreated, confirmed by their invasive nature, and typically show tissue-specific differentiation with anaplasia indicating aggressive malignancy.
Complications of Thrombosis
- A significant complication from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is pulmonary embolism.
Blood Transfusion Reactions
- Transfusion reactions are caused by recipient antibodies attacking red blood cells.
Substance and Bleeding
- Aspirin prolongs bleeding time by impacting platelet function.
Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Most carbon dioxide in the bloodstream is carried as bicarbonate ion (HCO3−).
Thrombocytopenia Causes
- Bone marrow suppression can lead to thrombocytopenia, which is a reduced platelet count.
Pediatric Leukemia
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) primarily affects children.
Presentation of ALL
- Typical symptoms include pain in long bones, infections, fever, and bruising.
Pernicious Anemia
- Caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor, leading to Vitamin B12 deficiency.
Symptoms of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
- Patients may experience fatigue, weight loss, abdominal discomfort, and night sweats.
Iron Deficiency Anemia Indicators
- Laboratory features typically decreased include MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin), and MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration).
Myeloma Tumor Sites
- Possible tumor sites in myeloma include bones and kidneys.
Lymphatic Structure Characteristics
- Lymphatic structures are thin-walled, resembling veins, with sizes ranging from capillaries to larger vessels, containing intermittent valves, and capillary walls have contractile fibers to aid lymph flow.
Laplace's Law
- Indicates the relationship between distending pressure and wall tension in blood vessels.
Consequence of Embolus from Right Ventricle
- An embolus that departs from the right ventricle results in acute pulmonary embolism.
Causes of Emboli
- Emboli can originate from thrombus, fat, air, and amniotic fluid, with all mentioned causes being valid.
Raynaud Syndrome
- Characterized by extreme vasoconstriction leading to cessation of blood flow to extremities, with symptoms including color changes (white, blue, red), pain, and numbness.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential concepts in pathophysiology with this Eo1 review quiz. It covers topics such as stress responses, types of necrosis, and immune system deficits related to cancer. Prepare yourself for deeper understanding and application of these concepts in clinical scenarios.
